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The Death of Me > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What does -ose mean?

A

“full of”

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2
Q

What does the suffix -ose indicate?

A

It’s a sugar

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3
Q

How are carbohydrates divided into groups?

A

by the number of sugars

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4
Q

What are the 3 carbohydrate groups?

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysoccharides

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5
Q

What kinds of carbs are in pasta and potatoes?

A

long starch molecules (polysaccharides)

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6
Q

What atoms do all carbohydrates consist of?

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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7
Q

How can you identify a carb just by looking at its chemical formula?

A

It has twice as many hydrogens as oxygens

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8
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

The process of combining two molecules and getting a byproduct of water

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9
Q

Example of dehydration synthesis

A

C6H1206 + C6H1206 = C12H22011 + H20 (glucose + fructose = sucrose + water)

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10
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

1 sugar / simple sugars

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11
Q

What does the prefix mono- mean?

A

one

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12
Q

What is one of the main sources of energy for consumers?

A

carbs

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13
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose, and galactose

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14
Q

What are all sugars broken down to?

A

Glucose

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15
Q

What is blood sugar?

A

glucose

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16
Q

What 3 isomers have the same chemical formula of C6H1206?

A

glucose, fructose, and galactose

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17
Q

What are isomers?

A

molecules with the same chemical formula that are arranged differently

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18
Q

What molecules are found in milk?

A

galactose and lactose

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19
Q

What monosaccharide is found in most fruits?

A

fructose

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20
Q

What does the prefix dext- mean?

A

right

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21
Q

What is dextrose and what does it do?

A

dextrose = glucose, rotates to the right

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22
Q

What does the prefix levu- mean?

A

left

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23
Q

What is levulose and what does it do?

A

levulose = fructose, rotates to the left

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24
Q

What does the prefix di- mean?

A

2

25
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

2 monosaccharides / double sugar

26
Q

What is the most common disaccharide?

A

Table sugar- sucrose

27
Q

Where is sucrose found?

A

sugar cane and the roots of sugar beets

28
Q

What is another examples of a disaccharide?

A

Lactose

29
Q

What two monosaccharides are in lactose?

A

galactose and glucose

30
Q

What two monosaccharides are in sucrose?

A

glucose and fructose

31
Q

What percent of the world’s population CAN digest lactose?

A

25%

32
Q

What does the prefix poly- mean?

A

many

33
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

complex sugars/carbs, starches

34
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

cellulose, chitin, and starch

35
Q

Purpose(s) of cellulose

A
  • gives plants support/ makes up cell wall in plant cells
  • paper is made up of cellulose
36
Q

Purpose(s) of chitin

A
  • hard-covering in insects
  • make up cell wall in fungi cells
37
Q

What do insects taste like?

A

p e a n u t s

38
Q

What do PLANTS store for excess energy?

A

starch

39
Q

Potatoes and grains are major sources of what?

A

Starch

40
Q

How long does it take for starch to break down into glucose?

A

a hot minute

41
Q

What do ANIMALS store for excess energy?

A

glucose

42
Q

What do animals store glucose as?

A

glycogen

43
Q

Where do animals store glycogen in their bodies?

A

liver and muscles

44
Q

What happens to glycogen and starch when it sits too long?

A

it turns into fat

45
Q

What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth and why?

A

Cellulose- plants

46
Q

What is cellulose?

A

a fiber

47
Q

Can most living things break down fiber/cellulose?

A

No- only fungi and some bacteria

48
Q

What kind of animals CAN digest cellulose/ get nutrition from fiber?

A

Herbivores- they have bacteria in stomach to digest fibers

49
Q

Food groups with carbs

A

fruit, vegetables, grains, and potatoes (yes- potatoes are apparently a separate food group)

50
Q

How do mono- & di- saccharides react in water?

A
  • dissolve easily
51
Q

What are polar molecules?

A

molecules with that are positive and negative

52
Q

What is positive and what is negative?

A

Hydrogen- positive
oxygen- negative

53
Q

What does the suffix -philia mean?

A

“to love or like”

54
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

water loving/ attracted to water

55
Q

What does the suffix -phobia mean?

A

“to fear or hate”

56
Q

Example of hydrophobic compounds

A

lipids aka fats and steroids

57
Q

What are hydrophobic compounds?

A

Compounds that won’t dissolve in water (nonpolar molecules)

58
Q

What are hydrophilic compounds?

A

compounds that will dissolve in water (polar molecules)

The Death of Me (5 decks)

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