Lipids

Question 1

What are examples of lipids?

Answer 1

fats, oils, and waxes

Question 2

What are the only atoms in lipids?

Answer 2

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 3

How can you identify lipids by only looking at their chemical formula?

Answer 3

They have many more hydrogens than oxygens (like wayyyy more than twice the amount)

Question 4

What produces fats?

Answer 4

Animals and animals only

Question 5

State of matter of fats at room temp?

Answer 5

solid

Question 6

What produces oils?

Answer 6

Mainly plants

Question 7

State of matter of oils at room temp?

Answer 7

Liquid

Question 8

What is canola oil made of?

Answer 8

Rape seed

Question 9

What does canola stand for?

Answer 9

CANada OiL Association

Question 10

What makes waxes?

Answer 10

plant leaves and fruits and animals’ ears and feathers

Question 11

Purpose(s) of waxes

Answer 11

• to protect from water (and therefore mold
• babies are covered in wax when born, to protect from liquid inside uterus
• protects birds’ feathers from water

Question 12

What are the two kinds of fats?

Answer 12

saturated and unsaturated

Question 13

What does saturated mean?

Answer 13

filled all the way-> all carbon bonds, no double bonds, (c-c), made from animal fats (like bacon), and is very harmful

Question 14

What does unsaturated mean?

Answer 14

not filled-> at least on set of c-c, made from plant oils, healthy for you, healthiest oil is olive oil

Question 15

What is the process called when you fill unsaturated fats by adding hydrogen?

Answer 15

hydrogenation

Question 16

What is the product of hydrogenation?

Answer 16

trans-fats (which is terrible for you)

Question 17

5 functions of fats (CHIRP)

Answer 17

Cushioning (between joints)
Hormones (chemical messages in body)
Insulation (under the skin)
Reserve energy storage
Protection (around organs)

Question 18

What steroid produces steroids?

Answer 18

cholesterol

Question 19

What is used in cell membranes?

Answer 19

cholesteral

Question 20

2 kinds of cholesteral

Answer 20

HDL (good) and LDL (bad)
H(ealthy)DL and L(ousy)DL

HDL fights off LDL- as you get older you produce less HDL and your LDL levels increase

Question 21

Examples of steroids

Answer 21

sex hormones and human growth hormones

Question 22

What do steroids do to your blood sugar?

Answer 22

they raise it`

Question 23

2 parts of a lipid

Answer 23

• glycerol backbone
• 3 fatty acid tails

Question 24

3 parts of a phospholipid

Answer 24

• glycerol backbone
• 2 fatty acid tails
• phosphate group

Question 25

What part of the cell do phospholipids make up?

Answer 25

cell membrane

Question 26

What’s the difference between lipids and phospholipids?

Answer 26

Lipids have 3 fatty acid tails and carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- phospholipids have 2 fatty acid tails and a phosphate group

Question 27

What part of the phospholipid/lipid is polar/nonpolar?

Answer 27

tails- nonpolar, hydrophobic
glycerol backbone- polar, hydrophilic

Question 28

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 28

a protective (non solid) layer held together by energy
the outside part of the membrane is the glycerol backbone, while the inside is the tails

Question 29

Foods made entirely of fat/lipids

Answer 29

butter, lard, oils, and cream cheese

Question 30

Fatty foods

Answer 30

cheese, butter, nuts, seeds, avocadoes, chocolate, fish, and fatty meats