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biology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

what are the monomers called that make up carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides

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2
Q

glucose is a ———

A

monosaccharide

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3
Q

how many carbons does glucose have

what do we therefore call it

A

6

a hexose monosaccharide

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4
Q

where is the oh group on alpha v beta glucose

A

alpha- below
beta- above

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5
Q

what is glucoses main function

A

energy source for animals and plants

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6
Q

why is glucoses solubility useful

A

can be easily transported

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7
Q

how many carbons does ribose contain

what do we call it therefore

A

5

pentose monosaccharide

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8
Q

for every carbon atom in carbohydrates there is usually what

A

two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

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9
Q

what bonds hold monosaccharides together

A

glyosidic bonds

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10
Q

what reaction bonds monosaccharides together

A

condensation reaction

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11
Q

how does joining of monomers in condensation reactions work

A

one hydrogen atom bonds to the hydroxyl group on the other releasing a molecule of water

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12
Q

how do we break glyosidic bonds

A

hydrolysis

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13
Q

how does hydrolysis of monosaccharides work

A

molecule of water reacts with glyosidic bond , breaking it apart

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14
Q

what is it called when two monosaccharides join together

A

disaccharide

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15
Q

what two monosaccharides makes sucrose

A

alpha glucose and fructose

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16
Q

what two monosaccharides makes Lactose

A

galactose and glucose ( alpha or beta)

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17
Q

when is a polysaccharide formed

A

when more then two monosaccharides join together

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18
Q

what is the main function of startch

A

main energy storage in plants

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19
Q

explain the purpose of starch in plants

A

plants store excess glucose as starch and then when the plant needs more energy it will break down this starch back into glucose

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20
Q

what is starch made up of

A

amylose and amylopectin

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21
Q

what is amylose

A

a long unbranched chain of alpha glucose.

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22
Q

why is amylose having a coiled structure important

A

makes it compact and good for storage

23
Q

what is amylopectin

A

a long branched chain of alpha glucose

24
Q

why is amylopectin side branches important

what can be quickly released

A

allow enzymes to get to the glyosidic bonds easily

so glucose can be released quickly

25
Q

why is amylopectin side branches important

what can be quickly released

A

allow enzymes to get to the glyosidic bonds easily

so glucose can be released quickly

26
Q

why is starch good for storage

A

insoluble in water so doesn’t enter cells by osmosis and change water potential

27
Q

what is glycogens main function

A

main energy storage in animals

28
Q

what is excess glucose stored as

A

glycogen

29
Q

what is glycogen made of

A

alpha glucose monosaccharides

30
Q

what is glycogens structure like

A

lots of side branches

31
Q

why is glycogens structure important

A

side branches mean that glucose can be released quickly which is important for energy release in animals

32
Q

why is glycogen good for storage

A

its compact

33
Q

what is celluloses main function

A

used in cell walls in plants

34
Q

what is cellulose structure like

A

made of long unbranched chains of beta glucose

35
Q

When are cellulose chains formed

A

When beta glucose bond

36
Q

what are cellulose chains linked together by

A

hydrogen bonds

37
Q

what do the hydrogen bonds in cellulose chains form and what are they used in

A

microfibrils which is used for structural support for cells

38
Q

what ion is required for the hydrolysis of starch

A

cl-

39
Q

list the following from the most to the least soluble

amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, ribose

A

glycogen, ribose, amylose, amylopectin

40
Q

what numbered bonds does glycogen usually form

A

1-6

41
Q

why are the 1-6 glyosidic bonds so important in glycogen

A

it helps forma highly branched structure

42
Q

what characteristic of glucose allows it to be transported in the bloodstream

A

soluble

43
Q

why do mammals store glycogen instead of glucose

A

compact

insoluble so doesnt affect water potential

breaks down quickly

44
Q

give 3 properties of cellulose that make it good for cell walls

A

insoluble
strong
flexible

45
Q

what bonds does glycogen form

A

1-4 glycosidic

46
Q

why is glycogen more suited to animals as an energy store then amylopectin

A

glycogen is more compact

glycogen is more branched for quick release

glycogen is more coiled which means it takes up less space

47
Q

what is maltose made from

A

two alpha glucose molecules

48
Q

what bond does maltose have

A

alpha 1-4 glyosidic

49
Q

what bond does sucrose have

A

alpha 1-2 glyosidic

50
Q

what bond does sucrose have

A

alpha 1-2 glyosidic

51
Q

what bonds does lactose have

A

beta 1-4 glyosidic

52
Q

name 2 uses of carbohydrates in the body

A

energy provision

energy storage

53
Q

where is glucose found in the body and how

A

as glycogen in muscles and liver

biology (16 decks)

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