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Medical Science > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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2
Q

What is the ratio of carbon: hydrogen: oxygen?

A

1:2:1

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3
Q

What are the types of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides and polysaccharides

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4
Q

What are the properties of monosaccharides?

A
  • sweet tasting
  • soluble in water
  • metabolised in respiration to release energy
  • osmotically active
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5
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

Simplest unit of carbohydrates that can be joined together to form a polysaccharide

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6
Q

What is a monomer?

A

The simplest unit or the repeating unit of a polymer

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7
Q

What are 3 carbon monosaccharides called?

A

Triose

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8
Q

What are 4 carbon monosaccharides called?

A

Tetrose

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9
Q

What are 5 carbon monosaccharides called?

A

Pentose

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10
Q

What are 6 carbon monosaccharides called?

A

Hexose

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11
Q

What is an example of a function of triose?

A

Glyceraldehyde in glycolysis a stage of respiration

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12
Q

What is an example of a function of Pentose?

A

Ribose/deoxyribose sugars making up part of the RNA/DNA molecules

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13
Q

What is an example of a function of hexose?

A

Alpha glucose and beta glucose makes storage/structural molecules also fructose and galactose

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14
Q

What is the difference between the structure of alpha glucose and beta glucose?

A

In alpha glucose in c1, hydrogen is bonded above hydroxide whereas in beta glucose, hydrogen is bonded below hydroxide

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15
Q

What are isomers?

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structural formula

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16
Q

What are the monomer hexose isomers?

A
  • Alpha glucose
  • beta glucose
  • galactose
  • fructose
17
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A compound made up of several repeating units of monomers

18
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Repeating units of more than 10 monosaccharides

19
Q

What is the reaction to form polysaccharides?

A

Condensation

20
Q

What is the bonds to make polysaccharides?

A

Covalent

21
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

Reaction that releases a molecule of water when joining monomers

22
Q

What is an example of of condensation reaction in carbohydrates?

A

Glycogenesis- formation of glycogen from glucose

23
Q

What is 2 monomers bonded together called?

A

Dimer

24
Q

Why is hydrolysis reaction?

A

Breaking down a compound with the addition of water

25
Q

What is an example of hydrolysis in carbohydrates?

A

Glycogenolysis- breakdown of glycogen into glucose

26
Q

Why are the properties of polysaccharides?

A
  • may be linear or branched
  • insoluble/colloidal (osmotically inactive)
  • not sweet tasting
  • energy storage/ structural functions
27
Q

What are 3 example of polysaccharides?

A
  • glycogen
  • starch
  • cellulose
28
Q

What are the properties of glycogen?

A
  • heavily branched
  • storage product in animals
  • made of alpha glucose molecules linked by glycosidic bonds
29
Q

What are the properties of starch?

A
  • storage product in plants
  • made of alpha glucose molecule linked by glycosidic bonds
  • 2 components; amylose and amylopectin
30
Q

Is amylose branched?

A

No

31
Q

Is amylopectin branched?

A

Yes

32
Q

What are the properties of cellulose?

A
  • structural molecule in plants
  • alternating isomers allowing cross linking between chains forming microfibrils

Medical Science (21 decks)

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