Carbohydrates

Question 1

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 2

What is the ratio of carbon: hydrogen: oxygen?

Answer 2

1:2:1

Question 3

What are the types of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 4

What are the properties of monosaccharides?

Answer 4

• sweet tasting
• soluble in water
• metabolised in respiration to release energy
• osmotically active

Question 5

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 5

Simplest unit of carbohydrates that can be joined together to form a polysaccharide

Question 6

What is a monomer?

Answer 6

The simplest unit or the repeating unit of a polymer

Question 7

What are 3 carbon monosaccharides called?

Answer 7

Triose

Question 8

What are 4 carbon monosaccharides called?

Answer 8

Tetrose

Question 9

What are 5 carbon monosaccharides called?

Answer 9

Pentose

Question 10

What are 6 carbon monosaccharides called?

Answer 10

Hexose

Question 11

What is an example of a function of triose?

Answer 11

Glyceraldehyde in glycolysis a stage of respiration

Question 12

What is an example of a function of Pentose?

Answer 12

Ribose/deoxyribose sugars making up part of the RNA/DNA molecules

Question 13

What is an example of a function of hexose?

Answer 13

Alpha glucose and beta glucose makes storage/structural molecules also fructose and galactose

Question 14

What is the difference between the structure of alpha glucose and beta glucose?

Answer 14

In alpha glucose in c1, hydrogen is bonded above hydroxide whereas in beta glucose, hydrogen is bonded below hydroxide

Question 15

What are isomers?

Answer 15

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structural formula

Question 16

What are the monomer hexose isomers?

Answer 16

• Alpha glucose
• beta glucose
• galactose
• fructose

Question 17

What is a polymer?

Answer 17

A compound made up of several repeating units of monomers

Question 18

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 18

Repeating units of more than 10 monosaccharides

Question 19

What is the reaction to form polysaccharides?

Answer 19

Condensation

Question 20

What is the bonds to make polysaccharides?

Answer 20

Covalent

Question 21

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 21

Reaction that releases a molecule of water when joining monomers

Question 22

What is an example of of condensation reaction in carbohydrates?

Answer 22

Glycogenesis- formation of glycogen from glucose

Question 23

What is 2 monomers bonded together called?

Answer 23

Dimer

Question 24

Why is hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 24

Breaking down a compound with the addition of water

Question 25

What is an example of hydrolysis in carbohydrates?

Answer 25

Glycogenolysis- breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Question 26

Why are the properties of polysaccharides?

Answer 26

- may be linear or branched - insoluble/colloidal (osmotically inactive) - not sweet tasting - energy storage/ structural functions

Question 27

What are 3 example of polysaccharides?

Answer 27

- glycogen - starch - cellulose

Question 28

What are the properties of glycogen?

Answer 28

- heavily branched - storage product in animals - made of alpha glucose molecules linked by glycosidic bonds

Question 29

What are the properties of starch?

Answer 29

- storage product in plants - made of alpha glucose molecule linked by glycosidic bonds - 2 components; amylose and amylopectin

Question 30

Is amylose branched?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Is amylopectin branched?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

What are the properties of cellulose?

Answer 32

- structural molecule in plants - alternating isomers allowing cross linking between chains forming microfibrils