Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What is the spinal column?

Answer 1

• A series of small bones forming a flexible and supportive structure down the spine

Question 2

What are the intervertebral discs?

Answer 2

• Fluid filled cartilage found between the vertebrae to cushion them during locomotion
• firm flexible, connective tissue

Question 3

Where can the intervertebral discs be found?

Answer 3

• Joints
  -Flexible parts of the nose
• external parts of the ears

Question 4

What type of tissue is bone and cartilage?

Answer 4

Living tissue (connective tissue)

Question 5

What are the 3 components of bones?

Answer 5

• compact bone tissue
• spongy bone
• marrow cavity

Question 6

Where is the location of the red marrow?

Answer 6

Spongy bone

Question 7

Where is the location of the yellow marrow?

Answer 7

Marrow cavity

Question 8

Define joints

Answer 8

A structure in the body at which 2 parts of the skeleton are fitted together

Question 9

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 9

• fibrous
• cartilaginous
• synovial

Question 10

What is an example of fibrous joint?

Answer 10

Skull

Question 11

What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 11

Intervertebral discs

Question 12

What is an example of a synovial joint?

Answer 12

Knee

Question 13

What are the components of synovial joints?

Answer 13

• Cartilage
• synovial fluid
• synovial membrane
• tendon
• ligament

Question 14

What is the role of the cartilage?

Answer 14

Reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber

Question 15

What is the role of the synovial fluid?

Answer 15

Lubricates the joint

Question 16

What is the role of the synovial membrane?

Answer 16

Produces synovial fluid

Question 17

What is the role of the tendon?

Answer 17

Joins muscle to bone enabling movement

Question 18

What is the role of the ligament?

Answer 18

Joins bone to bone stabilising the joint

Question 19

What are the 4 types of synovial joints?

Answer 19

• ball and socket joint
• hinge joint
• gliding joint
• pivot joint

Question 20

What is an example of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 20

Shoulder and hip

Question 21

What is an example of a hinge joint?

Answer 21

Elbow and knees

Question 22

What is an example of a gliding joint?

Answer 22

Wrist and ankle

Question 23

What is an example of a pivot joint?

Answer 23

Neck

Question 24

What type of movement does ball and socket joint allow?

Answer 24

Circular

Question 25

What type of movement does hinge joint allow?

Answer 25

Movement in one plane only

Question 26

What type of movement does gliding joint allow?

Answer 26

Limited circular movement

Question 27

What type of movement does pivot joint allow?

Answer 27

Allow head movement from side to side and nod

Question 28

Are ligaments elastic?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Are tendons elastic?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

What is the musculoskeletal system made up of?

Answer 30

- Bones of the skeleton - muscles - cartilage - tendons - ligaments - joints - other connective tissue

Question 31

What is the purpose of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 31

Support and locomotion

Question 32

Why do we need muscle?

Answer 32

- muscle tissue is responsible for movement and locomotion - muscles rely on contractile fibres to create motion - in vertebrates muscles attach to a skeletal system to produce locomotion

Question 33

What is the muscular systems second function?

Answer 33

is the maintenance of posture and body position

Question 34

What is a muscle cell called?

Answer 34

Muscle fibre

Question 35

What do myofibrils contain?

Answer 35

Contractile filaments

Question 36

What is the myofibrils composed of?

Answer 36

Thick and thin filaments

Question 37

What are the filaments of myofibrils made up of?

Answer 37

Strands of protein

Question 38

What do muscles do?

Answer 38

Contract and relax

Question 39

How do muscles contract?

Answer 39

Thick and thin myofibrils filaments slide over each other

Question 40

What do muscles require to contract?

Answer 40

- Need energy from ATP - from respiration of glucose or glycogen with oxygen

Question 41

What is ATP?

Answer 41

Energy rich compound

Question 42

What is locomotion produced by?

Answer 42

Muscles pulling on bones (attached together by tendons)

Question 43

What do joints in the skeleton allow?

Answer 43

(Sometimes attached by ligaments) allow flexing and extending to create motion

Question 44

What are antagonistic muscles?

Answer 44

Muscles that work in pairs, opposing each other, controlling movement of joint

Question 45

What is an example of antagonistic muscles?

Answer 45

Biceps and triceps

Question 46

What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?

Answer 46

- Causes troponin to move tropomyosin away from the binding sites - this allows myosin to bind to actin

Question 47

Describe the sliding filament theory

Answer 47

1. Myosin head tightly kicked onto an actin filament 2. ATP binds to the myosin head- myosin head released from actin 3. Myosin head displaced by 5nm- ATP hydrolysis 4. Myosin head attaches to a new site on actin filament Pi released- myosin head regains its original conformation and ADP released 5. Myosin head is again locked tightly to the actin filament