Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
what are carbohydrates
A
- an energy source made by plants during photosynthesis
- this plants energy provides humans energy when eaten
2
Q
what is the function of carbohydrates
A
- provides energy
- help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism
- acting as a protein sparer
- If the diet is low in carbohydrate, then protein is used as an energy source. Carbohydrate should stop the use of protein as an energy source so that the protein can continue its primary function for growth and repair.
3
Q
what are the three groups of carbohydrates
A
- Sugars
- starches (complex carbohydrates)
- fibre (complex carbohydrates)
4
Q
sugars are the simplist form of carbohydrate what might they be
A
- monosaccharides (single sugars)
- disaccharides (double sugars)
5
Q
what is the diety requirment for fibre every day
A
25g-30g per day
6
Q
what does insoluble mean
A
passes through the body most unchanged as it is undigested - absorbs water and swells - bulkier stool.
does not absorb or dissolve in water
7
Q
what does soluble mean
A
slows down digestion and absorption of carbohydrates - so it helps control blood sugar levels.
can dissolve in water
8
Q
where is fibre found
A
- wholegrain foods, fruit and veg
9
Q
what is fibre needed for
A
- helps to keep our digestive system healthy,
- maintain a healthy bodyweight and prevent constipation
- High fibre diets can help to prevent some diseases.
10
Q
what are complex polysaccharides examples
A
- starch: rice, wheat, oats, barley, cereal products, potatoes, parsnips
- pectin: plums, apricoit, apples, oranges
- dextrin: formed when foods containing starch are cooked using dry heat e.g toasting bread
11
Q
what are monosaccharides
A
- glucose: ripe fruit and veg
- fructose: fruit, veg, honey
- galactose: milk from mammals
12
Q
what are disaccharides
A
- Maltose: barley, breakfast cereals.
- Sucrose: sugar e.g. caster, icing sugar
- Lactose: milk from mammals and products made from it e.g. dairy foods.
13
Q
A
