Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOCHEM QUIZ > CARBOHYDRATES > Flashcards

CARBOHYDRATES Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

A large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose.

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose.

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carbohydrates contain _______ and ________ in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body

A

Hydrogen and Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbohydrates include what? (3)

A
  • Sugars
  • Starch
  • Cellulose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A polyhydroxyaldehyde or polyhydroxyketone, or a substance that gives these compounds on hydrolysis.

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It means sugar

A

Saccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Also known as saccharide

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T OR F:
The major source of carbohydrates in the body is from dietary intake of plant materials

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function structure of Carbohydrates? (4)

A
  • Cellulose
  • Chitin
  • Alginate
  • Pectin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give 5 functions of Carbohydrates

A
  • Structure
  • Energy storage (starch & glycogen)
  • Transport
  • Regulatory
  • Catalytic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the classifications of carbohydrates according to number of units? (4)

A
  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler carbohydrate.

A

Monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the general formula of monosaccharides?

A

CnH2nOn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A monosaccharides containing an aldehyde group

A

Aldose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A monosaccharide containing a ketone group

A

Ketose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are classified by their number of carbon atoms?

A

Monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the simplest aldose that contains a stereocenter and exists as a pair of enantiomers?

A

Glyceraldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the monosaccharide projections? (3)

A
  1. Fischer
  2. Haworth
  3. Dreiding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A two dimensional representation for showing the configuration of tetrahedral stereocenters

A

Fischer projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In monosaccharides, what lines represent bonds projecting forward from the stereocenter?

A

Horizontal lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In monosaccharides, what lines represent bonds projecting to the rear?

A

Vertical lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In monosaccharides, only _________ is in the plane?

A

stereocenter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who and in what year did they make the arbitrary assignments of D- and L- to the enantiomers of glyceraldehyde?

A

Emil Fischer (1891)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols to form what?

A

Hemiacetals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
A five- or six- membered cyclic hemiacetal is represented as a planar ring, lying roughly perpendicular to the plane of the paper
Haworth Projections
26
What is the new carbon stereocenter created in forming the cyclic structure?
Anomeric carbon
27
What are stereoisomers that differ in configuration only at the anomeric carbon?
Anomers
28
What is the anomeric carbon of an aldose?
C-1
29
In the terminology of carbohydrate chemistry, what means that the -OH on the anomeric carbon is **on the same side** of the ring as the terminal -CH2OH
b
30
In the terminology of carbohydrate chemistry, what means that the -OH on the anomeric carbon is on the **side of the ring opposite from the terminal** -CH2OH
a
31
What is a 6-membered hemiacetal ring
Pyranose
32
What is a 5-membered hemiacetal ring?
Furanose
33
What are the most prevalent forms of D-ribose and other pentoses in the biological world?
Furanoses
34
What does the prefix **deoxy** means?
Without oxygen
35
For pyranoses, the six-membered ring is more accurately represented as a?
Chair Conformation
36
Stereoisomers that differ in configuration at a single chiral center
Epimers
37
Stereoisomers that differ in configuration at the anomeric carbon
Anomers
38
The change in specific rotation that accompanies the equilibration of a- and b- anomers in aqueous solution
Mutarotation
39
__________ are colorless crystalline solids, very soluble in water, but only slightly soluble in ethanol
Monosaccharides
40
A cyclic acetal derived from monosaccharide
Glycosides
41
The bond from the anomeric carbon to the -OR group
Glycosidic bond
42
What is not possible in a glycoside because an acetal, unlike a hemiacetal, is not in equilibrium with the open-chain carbonyl-containing compound
Mutarotation
43
Are stable in water and aqueous base, but like other acetals, are hydrolyzed in aqueous acid to an alcohol and a monosaccharide
Glycosides
44
What do you call the reduction product?
Alditol
45
It is about 60% as sweet as sucrose
Alditols
46
What do you call the oxidation product?
Aldonic acid
47
A carbohydrate that reacts with an oxidizing agent to form an aldonic acid is classified as a?
Reducing sugar
48
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in what? (3)
- Fruit - Honey - Wine
49
Is used by the body to detoxify foreign phenols and alcohols
D-Glucuronic Acid
50
Are produced when a strong oxidizing agent oxidizes both ends of a monosaccharide..
Aldaric Acids
51
Aldaric acid can sometimes form?
Lactones
52
What are the 3 amino sugars are common in nature? (3)
— D-glucosamine — D-mannosamine — D-galactosamine
53
What is the most abundant disaccharide in the biological world and is obtained principally from the juice of sugar cane and sugar beets. (Nonreducing)
Sucrose
54
What is the principal sugar present in milk? (Reducing)
Lactose
55
What is the principal sugar present in milk?
Lactose
56
Present in malt, the juice from sprouted barley and other cereal grains. (Reducing)
Maltose
57
A disaccharide that can be hydrolyzed to glucose enzymatically or with acid
Cellobiose
58
A carbohydrate consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds
Polysaccharide
59
A polymer of D-glucose and can be seperated into amylose and amylopectin
Starch
60
Is the energy-reserve carbohydrate for animals
Glycogen
61
A group of polysaccharides that contain carboxyl groups and/or sulfuric ester groups
Acidic polysaccharides
62
A heterogeneous mixture of variably sulfonated polysaccharide chains
Heparin
63
Also called mucopeptide
Cell walls
64
Also called mucopeptide
Cell walls

BIOCHEM QUIZ (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions