Lipids

Question 1

Fatty acids in lipids generally has ________ numbers of carbon atoms.

Answer 1

even

Question 2

Spherical clusters formed by ions

Answer 2

Micelle

Question 3

Essential Fatty Acids

Answer 3

-Linoleic
-Linolenic
-Arachidonic

Question 4

An ester of glycerol with three fatty acids

Answer 4

Triglycerides

Question 5

Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids are generally _________ and called what?

Answer 5

liquid and oils

Question 6

Triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids are generally _________ and called what?

Answer 6

Semisolid/solid and fats

Question 7

Reduction of some or all of the carbon-carbon double bonds of an unsaturated triglyceride using H2 and transition metal catalyst

Answer 7

Hardening

Question 8

Breaking of ester bonds by a molecule of water

Answer 8

Hydrolysis

Question 9

Reverse of esterification

Answer 9

Hydrolysis

Question 10

Product is glycerol and fatty acid

Answer 10

Acidic condition

Question 11

Product is glycerol and fatty acid salt

Answer 11

Basic condition

Question 12

What do you call it when all the fatty acids are removed?

Answer 12

Complete hydrolysis

Question 13

A fatty acid is left behind in the glycerol

Answer 13

Partial Hydrolysis

Question 14

Alkaline hydrolysis of a fatty acid ester producing glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Answer 14

Saponification

Question 15

Test for unsaturation

Answer 15

Halogenation

Question 16

Oxidation of the double bond of unsaturated fatty acids in lipids resulting to short chain monocarboxylic acid with off-odor

Answer 16

Rancidity

Question 17

Second most abundant group of naturally occurring lipids

Answer 17

Glycerophospholopids

Question 18

Also called phosphoglycerides

Answer 18

Glycerophospholipids

Question 19

The most abundant glycerophospholipids are derived from?

Answer 19

Phosphatidic acid

Question 20

A molecule in which glycerol is esterified with two molecules of fatty acid and one of phosphoric acid

Answer 20

Phosphatidic acid

Question 21

Three most abundant fatty acids in phosphatidic acids: (3)

Answer 21

• Palmitic
• Stearic
• Oleic

Question 22

Hydrolyzed to yield glycerol, fatty acids, phosphate and an amino alcohol

Answer 22

Glycerol Phosphatides

Question 23

The major lipid components in the myelin sheaths of nerve fiber

Answer 23

Sphingolipids

Question 24

Hydrolyzed to yield sphingosine, fatty acid, phosphate and an amino alcohol

Answer 24

Sphingomyelins

Question 25

contain esters formed from long chain carboxylic acids (c16-26) and long chain alcohol (c24-c36)

Answer 25

Waxes

Question 26

Lipids that does not have an ester bond

Answer 26

Non-saponifiable lipids

Question 27

A group of plant and animal lipids that have this tetracyclic ring structure

Answer 27

Steroids

Question 28

Regulate concentration of ions in body fluids

Answer 28

Mineralocorticoids

Question 29

Enhance carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 29

Glucocorticoids

Question 30

It’s ketone derivatives cortisone exert a powerful anti-inflammatory effects on the body

Answer 30

Cortisol

Question 31

Most important mineralocorticoids

Answer 31

Aldosterone

Question 32

Female sex hormones

Answer 32

Estrogens

Question 33

Male sex hormones

Answer 33

Androgens

Question 34

Made in pharmaceutical laboratories as new drugs

Answer 34

Synthetic steroids

Question 35

Most abundant and most important steroid in the human body

Answer 35

Cholesterol

Question 36

Made by joining together 5-carbon isoprene units

Answer 36

Terpenes

Question 37

Terpenes contain carbon atoms in multiples of?

Answer 37

5

Question 38

Chemically related to compounds in turpentine called terpenes

Answer 38

Terpenoids

Question 39

Derivatives of arachidonic acid; Class of lipids characterized by their localized short-lived hormone-like activity

Answer 39

Eicosanoids

Question 40

Play critical roles in numerous biologic processes and is a family of compounds that have the 20- carbon skeleton of prostanoic acid

Answer 40

Prostaglandins

Question 41

Enzyme inhibited by Aspirin and other NSAIDs

Answer 41

Cyclooxygenase (cox)

Question 42

produce muscle like contractions, especially in the lungs and thereby can cause asthma-like attacks

Answer 42

Leukotrienes

Question 43

Chemicals released by some animals that alter the behavior of the same species

Answer 43

Pheromones

Question 44

Site of the primary photochemical reaction in vision

Answer 44

Vitamin A

Question 45

An antioxidant derived from isoprene

Answer 45

Vitamin E

Question 46

Has a regulatory function in blood clotting and derived from isoprene

Answer 46

Vitamin K

Question 47

Regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism

Answer 47

Vitamin D

Question 48

Function is for synthesis of proteins and other substances

Answer 48

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 49

Used for digestion of substances taken into the cell

Answer 49

Lysosomes

Question 50

Used for cellular movements

Answer 50

Microfilaments and microtubules

Question 51

Used for cellular respiration and energy production

Answer 51

Mitochondria

Question 52

What organs do these diseases affect? 1. Tay-Sach’s 2. Gaucher’s 3. Niemann-Pick

Answer 52

1. Tay-Sach’s- Brain 2. Gaucher’s- Spleen, Liver 3. Niemann-Pick- several, particularly spleen and liver

Question 53

Form membranes by arranging themselves into a lipid bilayer

Answer 53

Phosphoacylglycerols

Question 54

The chief lipid component

Answer 54

Phosphoglycerides

Question 55

A part of a membrane that extends all of the way through the membrane such that it has contact with both the cytosol and the external environment

Answer 55

Integral membrane protein

Question 56

Proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated

Answer 56

Peripheral membrane protein

Question 57

A covalently attached fatty acid such as palmitate or myristate serves to anchor them to either face of the cell

Answer 57

Lipid anchored protein

Question 58

Carbohydrate-attached lipids that provides energy and serves as markers for cellular recognition

Answer 58

Glycolipids

Question 59

Transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver and also transfer cholesterol to LDL

Answer 59

HDL (High-density lipoproteins)

Question 60

Transports cholesterol along with fats

Answer 60

Lipoproteins

Question 61

Contain an additional enzyme which adds N-Acetylgalactosamine to the O antigen

Answer 61

A-type Blood

Question 62

Contain another enzyme which adds galactose to the O antigen

Answer 62

B-type blood

Question 63

What contains both A- type and B- type enzymes

Answer 63

AB-type blood

Question 64

lacks both A and B types of enzymes

Answer 64

O-type blood

Question 65

T or F: The presence of the 5th monosaccharides determines the blood type

Answer 65

True