NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 1

Nucleic acids are molecules made up of polymers of nucleotides linked together by what?

Answer 1

Phospodiester bonds

Question 2

Also called polynucleotides

Answer 2

Nucleic acid

Question 3

Stores genetic information of individuals (genotype)

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Responsible for the visible or observable traits (phenotype)

Answer 4

RNA

Question 5

Purines and Pyrimidines exist in plants in the form of? (3)

Answer 5

1. Free bases
2. Nucleosides
3. Nucleotides

Question 6

Represents up to 3% of cocoa

Answer 6

Theobromine

Question 7

Make up 1.5% of coffee beans

Answer 7

Caffeine

Question 8

Important storage forms of nitrogen in many plant species

Answer 8

Allantoin and Allantoic Acid

Question 9

Typical purine nucleoside occurring in higher plants

Answer 9

Crotonoside

Question 10

A number of antibiotics formed by fungi

Answer 10

Nucleosides

Question 11

First compound formed with the purine ring system

Answer 11

IMP

Question 12

Present in plants but it’s metabolic role remains undecided

Answer 12

AMP

Question 13

Pyrimidine components of nucleic acids: (3)

Answer 13

• Uracil
• Cytosine
• Thymine

Question 14

Fairly common minor component in plant nucleic acids

Answer 14

Methylcytosine

Question 15

Normal constituent of transfer RNAs from many plant sources

Answer 15

Pseudo-uridine

Question 16

First pyrimidine nucleotide formed

Answer 16

UMP (Uridine Monophosphate)

Question 17

Describes the sequence and relative contents or % of the DNA molecule

Answer 17

Primary level

Question 18

Has a sense of directionality and individuality

Answer 18

Polynucleotides

Question 19

Regular folding of the DNA and involves complementary pairing between the two bases

Answer 19

Secondary level

Question 20

Involves a higher-order folding of elements and supercoiling of the DNA

Answer 20

Tertiary Level

Question 21

Interaction of the DNA with other macromolecules, specifically protein

Answer 21

Quaternary Level

Question 22

Small proteins that participate in forming nucleosomal structure of the chromatin

Answer 22

Histones

Question 23

Product of DNA transcription and contains codon

Answer 23

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 24

Sequence of three bases specifying for an amino acid

Answer 24

Codon

Question 25

The only RNA with a specific shape

Answer 25

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

Question 26

2-D structure of tRNA

Answer 26

cloverleaf

Question 27

3-D structure of tRNA

Answer 27

L-shaped

Question 28

Adaptor molecule that recognizes the codon in mRNA and transfers the amino acid corresponding to the codon

Answer 28

tRNA

Question 29

Sequence of three bases complementary to the codon

Answer 29

Anticodon loop

Question 30

Allows the binding of mRNA in ribosomes and complexes with proteins to form ribosomes

Answer 30

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Question 31

site of protein biosynthesis

Answer 31

Ribosomes

Question 32

Turning on or activation of a gene

Answer 32

Gene expression

Question 33

Making an identical copy of a section of duplex DNA and in humans, occurs in the cell nucleus

Answer 33

Replication

Question 34

Information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule

Answer 34

Transcription

Question 35

In transcription, how many strand/s of the DNA is transcribed?

Answer 35

1 strand

Question 36

In polymerases, what are Poly 1-3 for?

Answer 36

Poly I- rRNA formation Poly II- mRNA formation Poly III- tRNA formation

Question 37

Synthesis of proteins by RNA in the ribosome

Answer 37

Translation

Question 38

Translation includes what? (3)

Answer 38

- Initiation - Elongation - Termination

Question 39

Permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene

Answer 39

Mutation

Question 40

In mutation, the change may be spontaneous or induced by agents called what?

Answer 40

Mutagens

Question 41

Can be a change in a single base, addition or removal of one or more nucleotides in the DNA

Answer 41

Point mutations

Question 42

2 types of single base changes

Answer 42

- Transitions - Transversions

Question 43

Change of a purine to a purine or a pyramidine to a pyramidine

Answer 43

Transitions

Question 44

Change of a pyramidine to a purine or vice versa

Answer 44

Transversions

Question 45

Mutations may be due to what? (3)

Answer 45

1. Physical agents 2. Chemical agents 3. Viral agents