Carbohydrates

Question 1

Macromolecules

Answer 1

Large, complex molecules, usually composed of repeating units

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

Many macromolecules chain like substance

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

Small molecules that usually form polymers

Question 4

What’s the cellular structure of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Starch grains in a chloroplast

Question 5

What is the polymer of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Starch

Question 6

What’s the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Monosaccharides

Question 7

What is the cellular structure of nucleic acid?

Answer 7

Chromosome

Question 8

What’s the polymer of nucleic acids?

Answer 8

DNA strand

Question 9

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Answer 9

Nucleotide and these are composed with five carbon sugars and 4 nitrogenous base and a phosphate group

Question 10

What’s the cellular structure of protein?

Answer 10

Intermediate filament

Question 11

What’s the polymer of protein?

Answer 11

Polypeptide

Question 12

What’s the monomer of protein?

Answer 12

Amino acid

Question 13

What’s the cellular structure of lipids?

Answer 13

Adipose cell with fat droplets

Question 14

What’s the polymer of lipids

Answer 14

Triglyceride

Question 15

What’s the monomer of lipids?

Answer 15

Fatty acid bonded to glycerol

Question 16

Carbohydrates

Answer 16

Biological molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
They are usually polar

Question 17

What’s the general formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 17

(CH2O)n

Question 18

Monosaccharides

Answer 18

Composed of a single carbon-base monomer structure
There are simple sugars with 3-7 carbon atoms
Example is glucose fructose galactose

Question 19

Isomers

Answer 19

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 20

What makes glucose fructose and galactose an isomer?

Answer 20

They have the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 21

Disaccharides

Answer 21

Compose of two monosaccharides together by glycosidic linkage
Example is sucrose and lactose

Question 22

Sucrose

Answer 22

Composed of galactose and fructose monomers they join by a covalent bond

Question 23

Condensation reaction

Answer 23

H atoms from hydroxyl group and one sugar OH comes from a hydroxyl from another removing H2O leaving only the O( oxygen)

Question 24

What does the O become?

Answer 24

Glycosidic linkage

Question 25

Oligosaccharides

Answer 25

Sugars containing 3 to 10 simple sugar attached to one another by covalent bond called glycosidic linkage These bonds formed by condensation reactions

Question 26

Polysaccharides

Answer 26

Carbohydrates polymers of monosaccharides usually glucose joined covalently

Question 27

What are the three different arrangements shape and function of glucose produce polysaccharide

Answer 27

Glycogen, starch and cellulose

Question 28

Glycogen

Answer 28

Glucose stored by animals This form can be easily broken down due to its numerous branching side chains.

Question 29

Starch

Answer 29

Glucose stored by plants Starch has fewer branching chains then glycogen and is broken down less easily

Question 30

Cellulose

Answer 30

Provide structural support in plant cell wall Human lack the enzymes to break down cellulose

Question 31

How can the different structures be possible?

Answer 31

The different structure are possible because the hydroxyl group of carbon-1of glucose can exist in either alpha or beta form

Question 32

Alpha

Answer 32

In the alpha form hydrogen is up hydroxyl is down This is linked to starch and glycogen

Question 33

Beta

Answer 33

Hydroxyl is up hydrogen is down This is linked to cellulose

Question 34

Cellulose

Answer 34

Linear structure and has a different type of glycosidic linkage between monomer than the other two polysaccharide

Question 35

Polymers of glucose

Answer 35

Starch, glycogen and cellulose are all polymers of glucose

Question 36

Starch structure

Answer 36

Three dimensional structure that is much linear than the highly branch structure of glycogen

Question 37

Identify at least three structural and functional characteristic of carbohydrates.

Answer 37

Structural - monosaccharide - disaccharide - polysaccharide Functional - Store energy - Provides structural support - Signal cells

Question 38

What is carbohydrate used for?

Answer 38

Sugar and starch store energy in a way that’s easily accessible by the body