Lipids Flashcards
(21 cards)
Triglyceride
Three fatty acid plus one cholesterol joined by an Ester linkage bond
Example is lard, butter, vegetable oil
Palmitic acid
The most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants, and microorganisms.
Has 16 carbon chain
Saturated fatty acid
No double bond between carbon atoms
When saturated it has a straight tail
Monounsaturated
It has one double bond between carbon atoms
Polyunsaturated
Two or more double bond between carbon atoms
Triglyceride functions
Provide long-term energy storage
Acts like a cushion to organs and insulate heat loss
Phospholipid
Main component of a cell membrane
Composed of two fatty acids, phosphate group and bonded to glycerol by a ester linkage
Phospholipid function
Forms the main structure of a cell membrane
What is an example of a phospholipid?
Phosphatidylcholine is an example of phospholipid
How is a phosphatidylcholine form
It is formed due to an R group call choline
The R group is attached to phosphate group of various atom and it’s a polar and hydrophilic
The structure of phospholipids?
Phospholipids have a polar head and a non-polar hydrocarbon tail, and that are fatty acid
Lipid bilayer
In water, phospholipids form lipid bilayer, they naturally arrange themselves, so the non-polar tails are tucked away from the water, and the polar heads are directed toward the water
Steroids
Composed of 4 attached carbon based rings
Ex testosterone, estrogen, cholesterol
Cholesterol
Member of a large group of lipid called steroids
Waxes
Compose of long car base chain
Solid at room temperature
Example earwax, beeswax
What happens when there’s high levels of cholesterol in the blood
It can lead to fatty materials accumulating inside the blood
Functions of waxes
Protection
Lipids
Compose of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, fewer oxygen oxygen atom than carbohydrates greater carbon and hydrogen bond than carbohydrates
They are hydrophobic
Double the energy per gram that carbohydrate do
What is meant by dual character of a phospholipid molecule and how is it is essential to its function in living systems?
In aqueous environment, phospholipid form a lipid bilayer the hydrophilic head face the solution, the tail form the hydrophilic interior the interior of a cell being an aqueous environment cell are surrounding by an aqueous extra-cellular fluid therefore membrane of a cell which are made up of phospholipid adopts this structure
Explain why lipids are efficient, energy storage molecules
The presence of many energy rich C-H bond makes lipids efficient energy storage molecules
Fatty acid
A hydrocarbon chain ending in a carboxyl group
