Cells

Question 1

The four biological molecules

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, protein, fats and lipid, nucleic acid

Question 2

Two types of compound

Answer 2

Ionic and covalent compound

Question 3

How many valence electrons do carbon have

Answer 3

4

Question 4

There are six elements for the diversity of life

Answer 4

Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur

Question 5

Isotopes

Answer 5

Atoms of the same element and the same atomic number, but different number of neutrons, and therefore a different mass number

Question 6

How do you calculate neutron

Answer 6

N=M-P M is for the mass number and p for the proton

Question 7

Radioisotopes

Answer 7

Isotopes that are unstable and decay overtime

Question 8

Half life

Answer 8

The required time for a radioactive isotope to reach it half of its mass

Question 9

Biochemistry

Answer 9

The study that bridges, both biology and chemistry, the studies of properties and activity or interaction between biological important molecule

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

Substances composed of two or more atom bonded together covalently

Question 11

Organic molecules

Answer 11

Molecules that contain carbon

Question 12

Technetium 99

Answer 12

Half-life: 6.02h

Use to view the skeleton and heart muscles

Question 13

Iodine 125

Answer 13

Evaluate the filtration rate of kidney and determine the bone density measurements
Half-life :42 days

Question 14

Iodine 131

Answer 14

View and treat, thyroid, liver, kidney diseases and various cancers
Half-life: 8 days

Question 15

Phosphorus 32

Answer 15

Treat polycythemia Vera (excess red blood cells)
Half-life: 14.3 days

Question 16

Strontium 89

Answer 16

Relieve the pain of secondary cancers lodged in the bone
Half-life: 46.7 hours

Question 17

Indium 111

Answer 17

Study the brain, the colon, and sites of infection
Half-life: 2.8 days

Question 18

Fluorine 18

Answer 18

Image tumours and localized infections
Half life: 110 minute

Question 19

What is the relationship between element and atom?

Answer 19

All matter is composed of elements, the smallest particle of the element that retains his properties is atom

Question 20

Explain explain the difference between carbon 12 and carbon 14

Answer 20

Carbon 12 is a stable carbon atom. It has 12 protons and neutrons carbon 14 has more neutrons than protons so it’s unstable causing it to decay.

Question 21

Intramolecular force

Answer 21

Bond within the molecule

Question 22

Intermolecular force

Answer 22

Force of attraction between molecules

Question 23

Ionic bond

Answer 23

• Metal and nonmetal
• Transfer electrons

Question 24

Covalent bond

Answer 24

• Between two nonmetals
• share electrons

Question 25

Hydrogen bond

Answer 25

When hydrogen bond is attached to ONF atom in a molecule

Question 26

Dipole-Dipole

Answer 26

Present in polar due to the electronegativity difference

Question 27

London forces

Answer 27

Is formed due to the electro distribution of electrons around the nucleus, present in all molecule

Question 28

Electronegativity

Answer 28

The ability of a atom to attract electrons

Question 29

^EN

Answer 29

Difference of electronegativity between atoms

Question 30

How do you know if an atom is polar, nonpolar, or ionic due to a ^EN calculations?

Answer 30

0-0.5 - non polar 0.5-1.7 - polar above 1.7 - Ionic

Question 31

Water and its properties

Answer 31

A water molecule is polar because of the two polar O-H bond

Question 32

Hydrophilic

Answer 32

Meaning water loving, non-polar have a natural tendency to form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 33

Hydrophobic

Answer 33

Nonpolar molecule do not form hydrogen bond with water

Question 34

An ion

Answer 34

A positive or negatively charge atom

Question 35

Functional group

Answer 35

A group of atoms that behave in a certain way

Question 36

Hydroxyl

Answer 36

Polar structural formula is -OH Example of an hydroxyl is ethanol Is found in carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, and protein

Question 37

Carbonyl

Answer 37

It’s polar Structural formula is carbon double bonded to oxygen Example of carbonyl is acetaldehyde Found in carbohydrates and nucleic acid

Question 38

Carboxyl

Answer 38

Polar acidic (donates a proton) Structural formula is carbon double bonded to oxygen and a single bond to hydroxyl. example of carboxyl is acetic acid Found in protein and lipids

Question 39

Amino acid

Answer 39

Polar basic (accepts a proton) Structural formula is N ( nitrogen) bonded to two hydrogen An example of an amino acid is Alanine Amino acid is found in proteins and nucleic acid

Question 40

Sulfhydryl

Answer 40

Slightly polar The structure formula is S bonded to one hydrogen The example of sulfhydryl cysteine Sulfhydryl found in only protein

Question 41

Phosphate

Answer 41

Polar negatively charged The structural formula is P single bonded to three oxygen and double bonded to another one An example of phosphate is Glycerol phosphate Phosphate is found in nucleic acids

Question 42

Which is stronger intramolecular or intermolecular force

Answer 42

Intramolecular forces are stronger than intermolecular force because they involve chemical bond whereas intermolecular force involve weaker attraction interaction between separate molecules

Question 43

What’s the ranking between all forces?

Answer 43

1. Ionic bond. 2. Covalent bond. 3. Hydrogen bond. 4. Dipole-Dipole 5. London forces.