Carbon And Chemical Building Blocks Of Life

Question 0

Macromolecules

Answer 0

Polymers built with diverse monomer building blocks by covalent bonds through dehydration synthesis

Question 1

To build living organisms…

Answer 1

Small molecules are organized into large complex macromolecules

Question 2

Proteins..?

Answer 2

Most diverse of functions, only 20 different types of amino groups (R groups)
Amino acids are joined via peptide bond to form proteins! Yay!

Question 3

Primary structure

Answer 3

Amino acid sequence, determines proteins final shape… Just the sequence of amino acids in a single chain.

Question 4

Secondary structure

Answer 4

Due to H- bonding within the single poly peptide chain (like an accordion)

Question 5

tertiary structure

Answer 5

Due to interacting R groups within a single polypeptide chain (twisting the accordion)

Question 6

Quaternary structure

Answer 6

Builds proteins with two or more polypeptides (folding and twisting multiple accordions)

Question 7

Nucleic acids

Answer 7

Function in storage and transfer of genetic material to produce the proteins that build/ run cells

Question 8

Proteins, DNA, RNA cycle

Answer 8

DNA stores hereditary info, proteins carry out the genetic info, RNA briges DNA…back to proteins

Question 9

Nuclei acids formed..

Answer 9

DNA/RNA build from nucleotides with covalent phosodiester bonds

Question 10

Basic nucleotide structure

Answer 10

Nitrogenous base (purine or pyrimidines) 5 carbon sugar(deoxyribose/ ribose) phosphate group.

Question 11

DNA components

Answer 11

Double stranded uses thyamine, deoxyribose sugar

Question 12

RNA

Answer 12

Single stranded uses uracil, ribose sugar.

Question 13

Lipids and monomers?

Answer 13

Lipids are not build with a distinct set of monomers

Question 14

Lipid polarity

Answer 14

Lipids are hydrophobic (non polar) and have diverse functions

Question 15

Fats…?

Answer 15

Store immense amounts of energy. (Hydrocarbon chains) compared to carbs. Ex. Triacylglycerol (know basic fatty acid chain)

Question 16

Saturated fats

Answer 16

Found in animals, contain no double bonded carbons (C=C) solid at room temperature

Question 17

Unsaturated fats

Answer 17

Found in plants, contain double bonded carbon C=C liquid at room temperature

Question 18

Lipids in membrane?

Answer 18

Phospholipid amphipathic nature form cell membranes (hydrophobic exclusion)

Question 19

Carbohydrates

Answer 19

You already know all this business