Carbon And Its Compounds

Question 1

Carbon is one of the most important non-metallic element ________ named Carbon from the Latin word ‘Carbo’ meaning coal

Answer 1

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 2

The earth’s crust contains only ______ of carbon (i.e.320 parts per million by weight) in the form of minerals like carbonates, coal and petroleum and the atmosphere has only ______ of carbon dioxide (i.e.300 parts per million by weight).

Answer 2

0.032%
0.03%

Question 3

A large number of things which we use in our daily life are made up of carbon compounds

Answer 3

So, without carbon there is no possibility for the existence of plants and animals including human.

Question 4

Carbon Chemistry is also called as .

Answer 4

Living Chemistry

Question 5

In _______, French scientist Antoine Lavoisier pooled resources with other chemists to buy a diamond, which they placed in a closed glass jar.

Answer 5

1772
They focused the Sun’s rays on the diamond with a remarkable giant magnifying glass and saw the diamond burn and disappear. Lavoisier noted that the overall weight of the jar was unchanged and that when it burned, the diamond had combined with oxygen to form carbon dioxide

Question 6

_______ concluded that diamond and charcoal were made of the same element - carbon.

Answer 6

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 7

In 1779, Swedish scientist _____ showed that graphite also burned to form carbon dioxide

Answer 7

Carl Scheele

Question 8

In 1796, English chemist _____ established that diamond is pure carbon and not a compound of carbon

Answer 8

Smithson Tennant

Question 9

Diamond it burned to form only carbon dioxide. ______ also proved that when equal weights of charcoal and diamonds were burned, they produced the same amount of carbon dioxide.

Answer 9

Tennant

Question 10

In 1855, English chemist ______produced pure graphite from carbon, proving graphite is a form of carbon.

Answer 10

Benjamin Brodie

Question 11

1955 American scientist ______ and his co-workers at ‘General Electric’ company finally demonstrated that graphite could be transformed into diamond at high temperature and pressure

Answer 11

Francis Bundy

Question 12

In 1985, _________ discovered fullerenes, a new form of carbon in which the atoms are arranged in soccer-ball shapes

Answer 12

Robert Curl, Harry Kroto and Richard Smalley

Question 13

Graphene, consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in ______

Answer 13

hexagons

Question 14

Graphene’s discovery was announced in 2004 by ________

Answer 14

Kostya Novoselov and Andre Geim,

Question 15

early 19th century, Berzelius classified carbon compounds based on their source as follows

Answer 15

Organic Carbon Compounds
InOrganic Carbon Compounds

Question 16

________ These are the compounds of carbon obtained from living organisms such as plants and animals. e.g. Ethanol, cellulose, Starch,

Answer 16

Organic Carbon Compounds:

Question 17

________: These are the compounds containing carbon but obtained from non-living matter. e.g. Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon dioxide

Answer 17

Inorganic Carbon Compounds

Question 18

there are various classes of organic carbon compounds such as

Answer 18

hydrocarbons, alcohols, dehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, amino acids, etc

Question 19

Among Them ________ are the major classes of inorganic carbon compounds.

Answer 19

oxides, carbides, sulphides, cyanides, carbonates and bicarbonates

Question 20

Not a natural component of air. Mainly added to atmosphere due to ancomplete combustion of fuels

Answer 20

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Question 21

Carbon monoxide (CO.
Uses

Answer 21

Main component of water gas (CO+H₂).

Reducing agent.

Question 22

Occurs in nature as free and combined forms. Combined form is found in minerals like limestone, magnesite. Formed by complete combustion of carbon or coke.

Answer 22

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Question 23

Carbon dioxide
Uses

Answer 23

Fire extinguisher, preservative for fruits, making bread, to manufacture urea, carbonated water. nitrogenous fertilizers, dry ice in refrigerator

Question 24

Prepared by heating calcium oxide and coke.

Answer 24

Calcium Carbide

Question 25

Calcium Carbide Uses

Answer 25

To manufacture graphite and hydrogen. To prepare acetylene gas for welding.

Question 26

Directly prepared from Carbon and Sulphur

Answer 26

Carbon disulphide (CS2)

Question 27

Carbon disulphide (CS2) Uses

Answer 27

Solvent for sulphur. To manufacture rayon, fungicide, insecticide

Question 28

Prepared by passing Carbondioxide into the solution of slaked lime

Answer 28

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3 )

Question 29

Calcium Carbonate Uses

Answer 29

Antacid

Question 30

Formed by treating sodium hydroxide with carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Answer 30

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

Question 31

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

Answer 31

Preparation of sodium carbonate, baking powder, antacid

Question 32

Catenation

Answer 32

Catenation is binding of an element to itself or with other elements through covalent bonds to form open chain or closed chain compounds.

Question 33

Carbon atom links repeatedly to itself through covalent bond to form

Answer 33

linear chain, branched chain or ring Structure.

Question 34

_____ property of carbon itself is the reason for the presence of large number of organic carbon compounds.

Answer 34

Catenation For example, starch and cellulose contain chains of hundreds of carbon atoms. Even plastics we use in our daily life are macro molecules of catenated carbon compounds.

Question 35

carbon has the tendency to share its four electrons with other atoms to complete its octet. This is called its .

Answer 35

tetravalency

Question 36

carbon can form ________ bond with other elements.

Answer 36

four covalent

Question 37

carbon is able to combine with other elements or with itself through single bond, double bond and triple bond

Answer 37

Multiple bond

Question 38

single bond, double bond triple bond.

Answer 38

Class of compounds Alkane Alkene Alkyne

Question 39

This phenomenon in which the same molecular formula may exhibit different structural arrangement is called .

Answer 39

isomerism

Question 40

In compound 'a, the oxygen atom is attached to a hydrogen and a carbon. It is an _______. Whereas in compound 'b', the oxygen atom is attached to two carbon atoms and it is an ____.

Answer 40

alcohol ether

Question 41

property by which an element can exist in more than one form that are physically different and chemically similar The different forms of that element are called its

Answer 41

allotropes

Question 42

Diamond

Answer 42

In diamond, each carbon atom shares its four valence electrons with four other carbon atoms forming four covalent bonds. Here the atoms are arranged in repeated tetrahedral fashion which leads to a three dimensional structure accounting for its hardness and rigidity.

Question 43

Graphite:

Answer 43

In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms through covalent bonds in the same plane. This arrangement forms hexagonal layers (which are held together one over other by weak Vander Waals forces. Since the layers are held by weak forces, graphite is softer than diamond.

Question 44

fullerene

Answer 44

The third crystalline allotrope of carbon is fullerene. The best known fullerene is Buckminster fullerene, which consists of 60 carbon atoms joined together in a series of 5- and 6- membered to form spherical molecule resembling a soccer ball. So its formula is C60

Question 45

A large family of fullerenes exists, starting at _____

Answer 45

C20 and reaching up to C540

Question 46

________ is most recently produced allotrope of carbon which consists of honeycomb shaped hexagonal ring repeatedly arranged in a plane

Answer 46

Graphene

Question 47

______ is the thinnest compound known to man at one atom thick. It is the lightest material known and the strongest compound discovered (100-300 times stronger than steel)

Answer 47

Graphene

Question 48

Graphene with 1 square metre weighing around

Answer 48

0.77 milligrams

Question 49

Layers of graphene are stacked on top of each other to form graphite, with an inter planar spacing of

Answer 49

0.335 nanometres

Question 50

The separate layers of graphene in graphite are held together by

Answer 50

Vander Waals forces.

Question 51

Amorphous forms of carbon

Answer 51

In amorphous form of carbon, carbon atoms are arranged in random manner. These form of carbon are obtained when wood is heated in the absence of air. E.g., charcoal

Question 52

Carbon is a non-metal found in various allotropic forms from

Answer 52

soft powder to hard solid.

Question 53

All the allotropic forms of carbon are ________ whereas its compounds exist in solid, liquid and gaseous state

Answer 53

solids

Question 54

Amorphous forms of carbon and graphite are almost ________, Diamond is transparent and shiny.

Answer 54

black in colour and opaque.

Question 55

Its ________ have low melting and boiling point compared to crystalline forms

Answer 55

amorphous forms

Question 56

Carbon is insoluble in water and other common solvents. But some of its compounds are soluble in water and other solvents. e.g., ______ are soluble in water.

Answer 56

Ethanol, CO,

Question 57

Elemental carbon undergoes no reaction at room temperature and limited number of reactions at elevated temperatures.

Answer 57

But its compounds undergo large number of reactions even at room temperature.

Question 58

Carbon combines with oxygen to form its oxides like ________ with evolution of heat.

Answer 58

carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂)

Question 59

Organic carbon compounds like hydrocarbon also undergo oxidation to form oxides and steam with evolution of heat and flame. This is otherwise called .

Answer 59

combustion

Question 60

Carbon reacts with steam to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This mixture is called .

Answer 60

water gas

Question 61

With sulphur, carbon forms its ______ at high temperature

Answer 61

disulphide

Question 62

At elevated temperatures, carbon reacts with some metals like iron, tungsten, titanium, etc. to form their ____.

Answer 62

carbides

Question 63

Even though carbon and its compounds are vital for modern life, some of its compounds like ______ are harmful to humans.

Answer 63

CO, cyanide and certain types of plastics

Question 64

carbon compounds are made from long chain organic compounds called '

Answer 64

polymer resins

Question 65

_______ represents the type of polymer used to make the plastic

Answer 65

The resin code

Question 66

The resin codes of plastics were designed in ______ and are a uniform way of classifying the different types of plastic which help recyclers in the sorting process.

Answer 66

1988

Question 67

The resin codes are numbered from ______. Resin codes #1 to #6 each identify a certain type of plastic that is often used in products. Resin code #7 is a category which is used for every other plastic (since 1988) that does not fit into the categories #1 to #6.

Answer 67

1 to 7

Question 68

PS (resin code #6 also commonly called

Answer 68

Thermocol

Question 69

Burning PVC releases _______ (one of the most toxic chemicals known to humans

Answer 69

dioxins

Question 70

Styrene is a building block of this plastic and may cause ____.

Answer 70

cancer

Question 71

PC plastic contains

Answer 71

Bisphenol A (BPA)

Question 72

_____ increases or decreases certain hormones and changes the way our bodies work.

Answer 72

Bisphenol A

Question 73

PC- BPA

Answer 73

Polycarbonate Bisphenol A

Question 74

ABS -

Answer 74

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

Question 75

__&&&& usually abbreviated as PET or PETE

Answer 75

Polyethylene terephthalate

Question 76

HDPE stands for

Answer 76

High Density Polyethylene.

Question 77

LDPE

Answer 77

Low Density Polyethylene

Question 78

(PP)

Answer 78

Polypropylene

Question 79

the Government of India is progressively taking various legal initiatives to stop plastic pollution by making some provision and ammendment in _____

Answer 79

Environment (Protection) Act, 1988