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9th Science > Matter Around Us > Flashcards

Matter Around Us Flashcards

1
Q

Not all things that we see or feel are matter. __________ They are not matter.

A

For example, sunlight, sound, force and energy neither occupy space nor have any mass.

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2
Q

In the modern periodic table there are _____ elements known to us, ____ of which are naturally occurring while the remaining ______ have been artificially created. But from these 118 elements, billions of compounds are formed- some naturally occurring and some artificial. Isn’t that amazing?

A

118
92
26

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3
Q

Who used the name element for any substance that cannot be broken down further, into a simpler substance. This definition can be extended to include the fact that each element is made up of only one kind of atom

A

Robert boyle

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4
Q

Atom:

A

The smallest unit of an element which may or may not have an independent existence but always takes part in a chemical reaction is called atom.

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5
Q

Molecules:

A

The smallest unit of a pure substance, which always exists independently and can retain physical and chemical properties of that substance is called a molecule.

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6
Q

When two or more elements combine chemically to form a new substance, the new substance is called a ________. For example, cane sugar is made up of three elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The chemical forumula of cane sugar is C₁₂H22 O11

A

compound

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7
Q

A compound has properties that are different from those of the elements from which it is made

A

Common salt, also known as sodium chloride, is a compound. It is added to give taste to our food. It is a compound made up of a metal, sodium, that reacts violently with water and a poisonous non-metal, chlorine.

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8
Q

Compounds of _________ are used in fertilizers,

______ compounds are of immense importance in the computer industry.

Compounds of _______ are used in our toothpastes as they strengthen our teeth.

A

1 phosphorous, nitrogen and potassium
2 Silicon
3 fluorine

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9
Q

A _________ is an impure substance. It contains two or more kinds of elements or compounds or both physically mixed together in any ratio

A

mixture

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10
Q

Element

A

Made up of only one kind of atom.

The smallest particle that retains all its properties is the atom,

Cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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11
Q

Compound

A

Made up of more than one kind of atom.

The smallest particle that retains all its properties is the molecule.

Can be broken down into elements by chemical methods.

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12
Q

Blood is not a pure substance… It is a mixture of various components such as

A

platelets, red and white blood corpuscles and plasma.

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13
Q

Mixture

A

It contains two or more substances

The constituent may be present in any proportion.

They show the properties of their constituents.

The components may be separated easily by physical methods.

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14
Q

Compound

A

It is a single substance

Theconstituents are present in definite proportions.

They do not show the properties of the constituent elements.

The constituents can only be separated by one or more chemical reactions.

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15
Q

A mixture in which the components cannot be seen separately is called a

A

homogeneous mixture
every part of the mixture has the same properties

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16
Q

homogeneous mixtures.

A

Tap water, milk, air, ice cream, sugar syrup, ink, steel, bronze and salt solution

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17
Q

A mixture in which the components can be seen separately is called a

A

heterogeneous mixture..

It does not have a uniform composition and properties

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18
Q

heterogeneous mixture.

A

Soil, a mixture of iodine and common salt, a mixture of sugar and sand, a mixture of oil and water, a mixture of sulphur and iron filings and a mixture of milk and cereals

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19
Q

Certain solid substances when heated

when cooled give b

process is known

Iodine, camphor, a

EX Hong

Figure

(The powdere

chloride and sand

covered with a pe

inverted funnel

sheet as shown in

of the stem of the

wool and the chi

vapours of the vo

holes in the asbe

the inner sides of

impurities remain

More to Kno

The air freshner

slowly sublime

smell in the to

time. Moth bal

used to drive a

insects. These

Camphor, is a

change directly from solid to gaseous state household. It without attaining liquid state. The vapours when cooled give back the solid substance. This process is known as

A

sublimation

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20
Q

Sublimation

A

Air freshener
Moth ball
Camphor

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21
Q

Solid and solid
Heterogeneous mixture

A

Method of separation
Handpicking, sieving, winnowing, magnetic separation, sublimation.

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22
Q

Heterogeneous mixture
Insoluble Solid and liquid

A

Method of separation
Sedimentation and decantation, loading, filtration, centrifugation

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23
Q

Heterogeneous mixture
Two immiscible liquid

A

Decantation, separating funnel

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24
Q

Homogeneous mixture
Soluble Solid and liquid

A

Method of separation
Evaporation, distillation, crystallisation

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25
Q

Homogeneous mixture
Two miscible liquid

A

Fractional distillation

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26
Q

Homogeneous mixture
Solution of two or more solids in a liquid

A

Method of separation
Chromatography

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27
Q

_______ is the process by which fine insoluble solids from a solid- liquid mixture can be separated in a machine called a centrifuge

A

Centrifugation

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28
Q

Centrifugation used in

A

to separate cream from milk.

In washing, machines, this principle is used to squeeze out water from wet clothes.
Centrifugation is also used in pathological laboratories to separate blood cells from a blood sample.

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29
Q

________ method works on the principle of difference in solubility of two immiscible liquids in a suitable solvent..

A

Solvent extraction

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30
Q

mixture of water and oil can be separated using a

A

separating funnel

Solvent extraction method

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31
Q

________ method is used in pharmaceutical and petroleum industries

A

Solvent extraction

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32
Q

______ is an old practice done for years. It is the main process in perfume development and it is also used to obtain dyes from various sources.

A

Solvent extraction

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33
Q

________ is a process of obtaining pure liquid from a solution. It is actually a combination of evaporation and condensation i.e

A

Simple Distillation

34
Q

sea water in many countries is converted into drinking water by .

A

distillation

35
Q

Simple distillation method is also used to separate two liquids whose boiling points differ more than ____ K

A

25

36
Q

To separate two or more miscible liquids which do not differ much in their boiling points ______ is employed

A

fractional distillation

(difference in boiling points is less than 25 )

37
Q

_______ is used in petrochemical industry to obtain different fractions of petroleum, to separate the different gases from air, to distil alcohols et

A

Fractional distillation

38
Q

__________ is the process in which the particles of a substance is concentrated only at the surface of another substance

A

Adsorption

39
Q

_______ is the process in which the substance is uniformly distributed throughout the bulk of another substance.

A

Absorption

40
Q

________ is also a separation technique. It is used to separate different components of a mixture based on their different solubilities in the same solvent

A

Chromatography

41
Q

____ method is used to separate the different coloured dyes in a sample of ink

A

Paper chromatography

42
Q

The black ink separates into its constituent dyes. As the solvent moves up the paper, the dyes are carried with it and begin to separate.

A

They separate because they have different solubility in the solvent and are adsorbed to different extents by the chromatography paper.

43
Q

The chromatogram shows that the black ink contains ____ dyes.

A

three

44
Q

_____ is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. In a solution, the component present in lesser amount by weight is called ____ and the component present in larger amount by weight is called ______.

A

solution
solute
solvent

45
Q

Based on the particle size of the substance, the solutions are divided into ______ types

A

three
True solution
Colloidal
Suspension

46
Q

the case of sugar we get a clear solution and the particles never settle down. This mixture is called as

A

true solution.

47
Q

In the case of starch and water we get a cloudy mixture. This mixture is called as

A

colloidial solution

48
Q

In the case of wheat flour mixed with water we get a very turbid mixture and fine particles slowly settle down at the bottom after some time. This mixture is called as .

A

suspension

49
Q

What are the differences between True solutions, colloids and suspensions?

A

The major difference is the particle size. In fact interconversions of these mixtures are possible by varying the particle sizes by certain chemical and physical methods.

50
Q

A colloidal solution is a ______ system, consisting of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium. Dispersed phase or the dispersion medium can be a solid, or liquid or gas

A

heterogeneous

51
Q

There are _____ different combinations possible in colloidal solution

A

8

52
Q

In colloidal solution , combination of gas in gas is not possible

A

Because gas in gas always forms a true solution

53
Q

Brownian movement of particles is due to the _______ of the particles by the molecules of dispersion medium

A

unbalanced bombardment

Google***
The Brownian movement has a stirring effect which does not permit the particles to settle and thus, is responsible for the stability of sols.

54
Q

Tyndall (_______) observed that when a strong beam of light is focused on a colloidal solution the path of the beam becomes visible. This phenomenon is known as Tyndall ‘effect and the illuminated path is called-

A

1869
Tyndall cone.

This phenomenon is not observed in Fase of true solution

55
Q

The beam of light coming from headlights of vehicles is due to

A

Tyndall effect.

56
Q

Solid Solid

A

Solid sol
Ex alloy, gems, coloured glass

57
Q

Solid - liquid

A

Sol
Eg paint, ink, egg white

58
Q

Solid -gas

A

Aerosol
Eg. Smoke ,dust

59
Q

Liquid - liquid

A

Emulsion
Eg: milk , butter, oil in watter

60
Q

Liquid -solid

A

Gel
Eg
Curd cheese jelly

61
Q

Liquid -gas

A

Aerosol
Eg
Mist, fog, cloud

62
Q

Gas - solid

A

Solid foam
Eg
Cake bread

63
Q

Gas - liquid

A

Foam
Eg
Soap ,lather, aerated water

64
Q

An _______ is a colloid of two or more immiscible liquids where one liquid is dispersed in another liquid. This means one type of liquid particles get scattered in another liquid

A

emulsion

65
Q

In other words, an ______ is a special type of mixture made by combining two liquids that normally don’t mix.

A

emulsion

66
Q

The word emulsion comes from the Latin word meaning

A

To milk

(milk is one example of an emulsion of fat and water

67
Q

The process of turning a liquid mixture into an emulsion is called

A

emulsification

68
Q

________are some common examples of emulsions.

A

Milk, butter, cream, egg yolk, paints, cough syrups, facial creams, pesticides etc.

69
Q

The two liquids mixed can form different types of emulsions.

A

oil in water emulsion. Eg cream
Water in oil emulsion. Eg butter

70
Q

When we mix a drop of ink in water we get

a

a) Heterogeneous Mixture

b) Compound

Homogeneous Mixture

d) Suspension

A

Homogeneous mixture

71
Q

________ is essential to perform separation by solvent extraction method.
a) Separating funnel

b) filter paper

b) centrifuge machine

d) sieve

A

Separating funnel

72
Q

______ has the same properties throughout the sample

a) Pure substance

b) Mixture

c) Colloid

d) Suspension

A

Pure substance

73
Q
  1. Oil and water are immiscible in each other.
  2. A compound cannot be broken into simpler substances chemically.
  3. Liquid-liquid colloids are called gels
  4. Buttermilk is an example of heterogeneous mixture.
  5. Aspirin is composed of 60% Carbon, 4.5% Hydrogen and 35.5% Oxygen by mass. False Aspirin is a mixture.
A

True
False
False
True
Flase

74
Q

A _________ mixture has no distinguishable boundary between its components.

A

Homogeneous

75
Q

An example of a substance that sublimes is

A

Naphthalene balls

76
Q

Alcohol can be separated from water by

A

Fractional distillation

77
Q

In petroleum refining, the method of separation used is

A

Fractional distillation

78
Q

Chromatography is based on the principle of

A

Adsorption

79
Q

A few drops of ‘Dettol’ when added to water the mixture turns turbid. Why?

A

because of emulsion.

80
Q

Name the apparatus that you will use to separate the components of mixtures containing two, i. miscible liquids, ii. immiscible liquids.

A

1) simple and fractional distillation
2 separating funnel

9th Science (19 decks)

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