Carbon and Macromolecules Pt.1 (lecture 5)

Question 1

Carbon can form four bonds, bonding with

Answer 1

other carbons, resulting in carbon skeletons, and also commonly bonding to hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen

Question 2

the properties of carbon containing molecules depend

Answer 2

on its skeleton and chemical groups

Question 3

When carbon bonds with other molecules

Answer 3

it will be an organic molecule (specifically with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfer)

Question 4

Organic chemistry is

Answer 4

the study of compounds that contain carbon, regardless of origin

Question 5

Organic compounds range from

Answer 5

simple molecules to colossal ones

Question 6

The major elements of life –C,H,O,N,S,P– are uniform from

Answer 6

one organism to another, reflecting the common evolutionary of all life

Question 7

Carbon skeleton vary

Answer 7

in length

Question 8

The skeleton may have

Answer 8

double bonds, which can vary in location

Question 9

Skeletons may be

Answer 9

unbranched or branched

Question 10

Some skeletons arrange in

Answer 10

rings (in the abbreviated structural formula for each compound, each corner represents a carbon and attached hydrogens

Question 11

An isomer is

Answer 11

compounds which have the same chemical formula and different structural forms (the compound will have different properties because the structure is different)

Question 12

Hydrocarbons are

Answer 12

organic molecules consisting of only one carbon and hydrogen.
Many organic molecules, such as fats, have have hydrocarbon components

Question 13

Hydrocarbons can undergo reactions that

Answer 13

release a large amount of energy

Question 14

Structural isomers differ

Answer 14

in the arrangement of covalent bonding partners.

Question 15

Cis-trans isomers differ

Answer 15

in arrangement about a double bond.

Question 16

Enantiomers differ

Answer 16

in spatial arrangement around an asymmetric carbon, resulting in molecules that are mirror images, like left and right hands.

Question 17

Functional groups are

Answer 17

the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

Question 18

The number and arrangement of functional groups give

Answer 18

each molecules its unique properties

Question 19

Hydroxyl Group (–OH)

Answer 19

Compound Name: alcohol
Polar & Hydrophillic

Question 20

Carbonyl Group (>C=O)

Answer 20

Compound Name: Keytone +Aldehyde
Polar & Hydrophillic

Question 21

Carboxyl Group (–COOH)

Answer 21

Compound Name: Carboxylic Acid or Organic Acid
Ionic/Polar & Hydrophillic
Gives vinegar its sour taste

Question 22

Amino group (–NH2)

Answer 22

Compound Name: Anime
Ionic/Polar & Hydrophillic
Acts as a base
Can pick up H+ from surrounding solution

Question 23

Sulfhydryl Group (–SH)

Answer 23

Compound Name: Thiol
non-Polar & Hydrophillic
2-SH can react and form a crosslink helping stabalize protein structure

Question 24

Phosphate Group (–OPO3 ^-2)

Answer 24

Compound Name: Organic Phosphate
Polar & Hydrophillic
Contributes negative charge when attached, confers on a molecule the ability to react with water releasing energy

Question 25

Methyl Group (–CH3)

Answer 25

Compound Name: Methylated Compound
Non-Polar, Hydrophobic
Affects the expression of genes. Affects shape and function of sex hormones