Elements and Compounds pt 2 (lecture 4)

Question 1

The formation and function of molecule and ionic compounds depend

Answer 1

on chemical bonding between atoms

Question 2

atoms with incomplete valance shells can

Answer 2

share or transfer valence electrons with certain other atoms

Question 3

Chemical bonds are

Answer 3

the interactions that usually result in atoms staying close together, and are held by attractions

Question 4

A covalent bond is

Answer 4

the sharing of a pair of valance electrons by 2 atoms

Question 5

in a covalent bon, the shared electrons count as

Answer 5

part of each atoms valence shell

Question 6

A molecule consist or

Answer 6

2 or more atoms of the same element held together by covalent bonds

Question 7

A single covalent bond (single bond) is

Answer 7

the sharing of one pair of valence electrons

Question 8

A double covalent bond (double bond) is

Answer 8

the sharing of 2 pairs of valence electrons

Question 9

Covalent bonds can form between

Answer 9

atoms of the same element or atoms of different elements

Question 10

A compound is

Answer 10

a combination of two or more different elements

Question 11

An ionic bons is

Answer 11

a metal atom that loses 1 or more electrons to a nonmetal atom

Question 12

A covalent bond is

Answer 12

when two nonmetal atoms share electrons

Question 13

A hydrogen bon

Answer 13

attracts an electronegative atom electrostatistically

Question 14

metallic bond

Answer 14

positive metal ions attract conducting electrons

Question 15

Strong bonds

Answer 15

ionic bonds, covalent bond, coordinate bond, metallic bond

Question 16

Weak bonds

Answer 16

hydrogen bond, van der walls interaction

Question 17

Octet rule

Answer 17

an atom is most stable when there are eight electrons in its valence shell

Question 18

Ions are atoms that

Answer 18

contain an uneven number of protons and electrons which results in an overall positive or negative charge

Question 19

Cation are atoms that

Answer 19

contain positive charge. The positive charge is a result of the atom containing more protons than electrons

Question 20

Anions are atoms that

Answer 20

contain a negative charge. The negative charge is a result of the atom containing more electrons than protons

Question 21

An anion that has accepted two electrons has

Answer 21

a net charge of -2

Question 22

The opposite changes of cations and anions exert

Answer 22

a moderately strong mutual attraction that keeps the atoms in close proximity forming an ionic bond

Question 23

The ionic bond is an ongoing,

Answer 23

close association between ions of opposite charge

Question 24

To determine the chemical formulas of ionic compounds, the following two conditions must be satisfied

Answer 24

• each ion must obey the octet rule for maximum stability
• ions will combine in a way that the overall ionic compound will be neutral in other words the charges of the ions must balance out

Question 25

Covalent bonds involve

Answer 25

2 atoms, typically nonmetals, that share electron density to form strong bonding interaction

Question 26

Covalent bonds include

Answer 26

single, double, triple bonds and are composed of sigma and pi bonding interactions where 2, 4, or 6 electrons are shared

Question 27

Electronegativity is the

Answer 27

tendency of an atom or molecule to attract electrons and this form bonds

Question 28

the strongest bonds in organisms are

Answer 28

covalent bonds that form a cells molecules

Question 29

a hydrogen bond forms when a hydrogen atom

Answer 29

covalently bonds to one electronegativity atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

Question 30

in living cells, the electronegative partners are

Answer 30

usually oxygen or nitrogen atoms

Question 31

if electrons are evenly distributed then

Answer 31

they may accumulate by chance in one part of a molecule

Question 32

van der waals interactions are attractions between

Answer 32

molecules that are close together as a result of there charges

Question 33

A molecules shape determined by

Answer 33

the positions of its atoms orbitals

Question 34

in a covalent bond the s and p orbitals may

Answer 34

hybridize, creating specific molecular shapes

Question 35

molecular sharpe determines how

Answer 35

biological molecules recognize and respond to one another

Question 36

chemical reactions are

Answer 36

the making and breaking of chemical bonds

Question 37

reactants are

Answer 37

the starting molecules of a chemical reaction

Question 38

products are

Answer 38

the resulting molecules of a chemical reaction

Question 39

all chemical reactions are

Answer 39

reversible products of the forward reaction to become reactants for the reverse reaction

Question 40

chemical equilibrium is reached when

Answer 40

the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same time

Question 41

at the equilibirum the

Answer 41

relative concentrations of reactants and products do not change

Question 42

an elements properties depend

Answer 42

on the structure of its atoms