Carbon-based Materials

Question 1

What are the primary sources of hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

• Petroleum
• Coal

Question 2

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

An aliphatic hydrocarbon with no multiple bonds

Question 3

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

Has one or more double or triple bonds

Question 4

What are Alkynes and what is their formula?

Answer 4

They have a triple bond.
Formula: CnH(2n-2)

Question 5

What is the hybridisation of a carbon atom that’s bonded to four other atoms with no lone electron pairs?

Answer 5

sp3

Question 6

What is the bond and angle and name for sp3 hybridisation?

Answer 6

Tetrahedral, 109.5

Question 7

What is the hybridisation of a carbon atom that’s bonded to three atoms?

Answer 7

sp2

Question 8

What is the name and bond angle for sp2 hybridisation?

Answer 8

Trigonal planar, 120

Question 9

What is the hybridisation for a carbon atom that’s bonded to two other atoms?

Answer 9

sp

Question 10

What is the name and bond angle for sp hybridisation?

Answer 10

Linear, 180

Question 11

How many sigma bonds does a single bond contain?

Answer 11

One

Question 12

What is a single bond containing one sigma bond?

Answer 12

A head-on overlap of orbitals

Question 13

What is a double bond containing one sigma and one pi bond?

Answer 13

A side-on overlap of p orbitals

Question 14

How many sigma and pi bonds does a double bond contain?

Answer 14

• One sigma bond
• One pi bond

Question 15

How many sigma and pi bonds does a triple bond contain?

Answer 15

• One sigma bond
• 2 pi bonds

Question 16

What is a homologous series?

Answer 16

A series of compounds that have similar properties and the same general formula

Question 17

What are functional groups?

Answer 17

A group of atoms that impart specific physical and chemical properties to an organic compound.

Question 18

What bonds can alcohols form?

Answer 18

Intermolecular hydrogen bonds

Question 19

What makes alcohols with low masses soluble in water?

Answer 19

As they form hydrogen bonds

Question 20

What state are alcohols with low molar masses?

Answer 20

Liquids

Question 21

What is an amine derived from?

Answer 21

Ammonia

Question 22

Amines are _____ bases?

Answer 22

Weak

Question 23

What can amines condense with to form amides?

Answer 23

Carboxylic acids

Question 24

What bonding do both amines and amides with an N-H bond have?

Answer 24

Hydrogen bonding

Question 25

What is the Amino group formula?

Answer 25

-NH2

Question 26

What are structural isomers?

Answer 26

They have identical molecular formulas but their atoms are linked to different neighbours

Question 27

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 27

They have the same molecular and structural formulas, but the atoms have different spatial arrangements.

Question 28

What are the two types of stereoisomers?

Answer 28

- Cis and trans geometrical isomers - Optical isomers

Question 29

Cis isomers have compounds on ________ sides.

Answer 29

The same

Question 30

Trans isomers have compounds on _________ sides.

Answer 30

Opposite

Question 31

What are chiral centres?

Answer 31

Carbon atoms with four non identical substituents

Question 32

Optical isomers are non-_____________ mirror images of each other.

Answer 32

superimposable

Question 33

What are polymers?

Answer 33

Giant molecules consisting of chains made by linking together small organic molecules

Question 34

What do polymers consist of?

Answer 34

The same repeating unit

Question 35

Viscosity of polymers _______ with chain length.

Answer 35

Increases

Question 36

Polymer strength increases when chain length __________.

Answer 36

Increases

Question 37

Monomers turn into?

Answer 37

Polymers

Question 38

What are examples of polymers?

Answer 38

- Proteins - Carbohydrates - DNA - Lipids