Properties of Solutions

Question 1

What are homogenous mixtures called?

Answer 1

Solutions

Question 2

In order to have a solution, what must occur?

Answer 2

At least two substances must be mixed

Question 3

What 2 things do solutions combine?

Answer 3

• Solute
• Solvent

Question 4

Polar solvents have a ________ dipole moment.

Answer 4

Large

Question 5

What are polar solvents?

Answer 5

They contain bonds between atoms with very different electronegativities.

Question 6

What is the most common polar solvent?

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

What are common function groups present in polar solvents?

Answer 7

• Alcohols
• Ketones
• Carboxylic acids
• Amides

Question 8

What are non-polar solvents?

Answer 8

They contain bonds between atoms with similar electronegativities (such as carbon and hydrogen)

Question 9

Bonded atoms with similar electronegativities will lack what?

Answer 9

Partial charges

Question 10

Give an example of a non-polar bond

Answer 10

C-Cl

Question 11

Soaps and detergents have both ________ and __________ regions.

Answer 11

Hydrophobic and hydrophillic

Question 12

What does the hydrophilic head bind with?

Answer 12

Water

Question 13

What does the hydrophobic tail bind with?

Answer 13

Grease and oil

Question 14

What are colloids?

Answer 14

Molecules of some solutes clump together and form a suspension

Question 15

What 2 phases does a colloid have?

Answer 15

• A dispersed phase
• A continous phase

Question 16

What is the dispersed phase of a colloid?

Answer 16

The suspended particles

Question 17

What is the continous phase of a colloid?

Answer 17

The medium of suspension

Question 18

What are examples of colloids?

Answer 18

• Aerosols
• Gels
• Foam

Question 19

What does solubility mean?

Answer 19

A chemical property relating to the ability of a given substance (the solute) to dissolve in a solvent.

Question 20

In unsaturated solutions, _______ solute dissolves. Why?

Answer 20

More, because the concentration is lower

Question 21

In saturated solutions, _________ solute dissolves. Why?

Answer 21

No more, as the concentration starts to increase.

Question 22

Why do supersaturated solutions become unstable?

Answer 22

As they become unstable and crystals form as the concentration is the highest.

Question 23

By increasing the temperature, what will happen to solid solutes?

Answer 23

Most solid solutes will increase in solubility

Question 24

By increasing the temperature, what will happen to gas in a liquid solution?

Answer 24

There will be a decrease in solubility.

Question 25

What will changing the pressure of liquids and solids do?

Answer 25

There will be no change of solubility.

Question 26

According to ______________, more gas molecules are soluble at?

Answer 26

Henry's Law, higher pressures.

Question 27

Solutes form associations with solvents when solute particles are added. What does this mean?

Answer 27

Fewer solvent particles are free to vapourise

Question 28

Vapour pressure is lower over a solution or over a pure solvent?

Answer 28

Over a solution

Question 29

What is vapour pressure of a solvent reduced by?

Answer 29

The presence of a non-volatile solute.

Question 30

What is Raoult's law?

Answer 30

The vapour pressure of a solvent in the presence of a non-volatile solute is proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent.

Question 31

As the addition of a non-volatile solute lowers the vapour pressure, what will this do to the boiling point?

Answer 31

Raise it.

Question 32

What does the presence of a solute do to a solvent?

Answer 32

Lowers the freezing point.

Question 33

What are the three equations for concentrations of solutions?

Answer 33

mass of solute (g) / mass of solution (g) x 100 volume of solute (mL) / volume of solution (mL) x100 mass of solute (g) / volume of solution (mL) x 100

Question 34

What is molarity?

Answer 34

The number of moles of solute per litre of solution

Question 35

What is molality?

Answer 35

The number of moles of solute per kg of solvent

Question 36

What is the formula for molarity?

Answer 36

M = mol / L

Question 37

What is the formula for molality?

Answer 37

m = mol / kg

Question 38

When something is present, water becomes a good conductor of electricity. What is that something?

Answer 38

Ions

Question 39

What are electrolytes?

Answer 39

Substances that yield ions when dissolved in water

Question 40

How are electrolyte solutions able to conduct electricity?

Answer 40

Due to the mobility of the positive and negative ions.

Question 41

What is osmosis?

Answer 41

The flow of solvent through a membrane into a more concentrated solution

Question 42

Membranes are ____-__________.

Answer 42

Semi-permeable

Question 43

What do semi permeable membranes mean?

Answer 43

Only certain types of molecules or ions can pass through it.