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carbon compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

all compounds are classified into __________ compound and ____________ compounds

A

Organic compounds, inorganic

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2
Q

Matter in most living things, made up of mostly ________ compounds

A

organic compounds

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3
Q

do not contain carbon compounds

A

inorganic compounds

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4
Q

What type of bonds do carbons need to form with atoms of other elements to become stable

A

Covalent bonds

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5
Q

how many bonds can carbon form

A

single, double and triple

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6
Q

carbon compounds are built up from smaller, simpler molecules called ______

A

monomers

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7
Q

Mono means:

A

1

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8
Q

Poly means:

A

many

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9
Q

monomers bond to one another to form _________

A

polymers

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10
Q

What are larger polymers called?

A

macro molecules

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11
Q

monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction. Each time a monomer is added to a polymer, water is released. What reaction is this?

A

Condensation reaction

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12
Q

Which reaction releases water?

A

Condensation reaction

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13
Q

__________: the breakdown of complex molecules such as polymers (water is added, energy is released)

A

Hydrolysis

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14
Q

What is the opposite of a condensation reaction

A

a Hydrolysis reaction

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15
Q

What does ATP stand for

A

Adenosine, TriPhosphate

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16
Q

There are 4 main classes of organic compounds that are essential to the life processes of all living things. What are they?

A

Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

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17
Q

Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of __________, _____________, and ____________ in a ratio of 1:2:1

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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18
Q

the monomer or “single unit” of a carbohydrate also known as a simple sugar

A

Monosaccharides

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19
Q

What is the general formula of a monosaccharide

A

C6H12O6

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20
Q

What are the most common monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

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21
Q

Glucose, fructose and galactose are ______ because they have the same formula but different structural forms

A

isomers

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22
Q

What is an isomer

A

same formula, different structural forms

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23
Q

What is Glucose

A

a simple sugar

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24
Q

What is fructose

A

a sugar found in fruit

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25
what is galactose
a sugar found in milk
26
_______ are made up of 2 monosaccharides that have bonded as a result of a condensation reaction
Disaccharides
27
Sucrose = ________ + _______ (compose of the monosaccharides)
fructose and glucose
28
Maltose = __________ + __________ (composed of the monosaccharides)
glucose + glucose
29
Lactose = ______________ + ___________ (composed of the monosaccharides)
glucose + galactose
30
_______________ are composed of 3 or more sugars bonded together as a result of condensation reactions
Polysaccharides
31
What are examples of Polysaccharides
Glycogen, starch, cellulose
32
the storage form of glucose in animals (stored in the liver)
Glycogen
33
What is glycogen
the storage form of glucose in animals (stored in the liver)
34
the storage form of sugar in plants
starch
35
what is starch
the storage form of sugar in plants
36
a major part of plant cell walls (not digestible)
cellulose
37
what is cellulose
a major part of plant cell walls (not digestible)
38
What is protein
proteins are organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (COHN)
39
_________ are organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (COHN)
Protein
40
Proteins are organic compounds composed mainly of _______,________, _________, and _______________,
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
41
What are proteins formed by
the linkage of amino acids
42
How many different amino acids are there?
20
43
What is the only thing that differs among amino acids?
the different shapes
44
what does the different protein shapes allow in proteins
it allows proteins to carry out different activities
45
________: 2 amino acids bond to form
Dipeptide
46
Dipeptide
needs 2 amino acids bonds to form
47
Peptide bond
in a condensation reaction, two amino acids form a covalent bond
48
Polypeptide
very long chains formed by amino acids
49
very long chains formed by amino acids
polypeptide
50
A protein can contain _______ of amino acids
hundreds
51
Proteins are often ______ and _______ upon themselves
bent, folded
52
What conditions can influence a proteins shape?
temperature, and the type of solvent a protein is dissolved in
53
_________ reduces the activation energy for a reaction
Enzymes
54
What are enzyme reactions dependent on?
a physical fit between the enzyme molecule and its substrate
55
_________: the reaction being catalyzed
substrate
56
the enzyme has folds or an _____ _______
active site
57
What has a certain shape that allows on a certain substrate to fit into
an active site
58
what can a change in an enzyme shape do to the chemical bonds in the substrate?
it can disrupt the chemical bonds
59
What do the chemical bonds do in a substrate (in an enzyme)
reduce activation energy
60
what can a change in enzyme shape result in?
an enzyme not working
61
what is another name for fats
lipids
62
what is another name for lipids
fats
63
_______ are non polar organic molecules
Lipids
64
Lipids do not dissolve in _______
water
65
Monomers: _______: a 3 carbon alcohol molecule with 8 OH on one side
Glycerol
66
Monomers: _________: long unbranched carbon chains that contain a polar carboxyl head on one end and a non polar tail on the other
fatty acids
67
What are 2 examples of monomers in lipids?
Glycerol and fatty acids
68
what are examples of polymers in lipids
Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Waxes, Steroids
69
What do triglycerides do
store energy
70
Triglycerides: 1 glycerol and ___ fatty acids (Butter and Oils)
3
71
Phospholipids: 1 glycerol and __ fatty acids (make up cell membrane)
2
72
Waxes: __ fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain (waterproof and protective)
1
73
Steroids: __ fused carbon rings (Cholesterol, Testosterone, Estrogen)
4
74
_________________ are very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important info in the cell
Nucleic Acids
75
How many types of Nucleic Acids are there
2
76
What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acids
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acids)
77
What does a nucleotide contain
it contains 1 5-carbon sugar, 1 phosphate group and 1 nitrogenous base

Biology (7 decks)

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