Chapter 5

Question 1

What is the structure of the cell membrane

Answer 1

Fluid mosaic

Question 2

what do hydrophobic tails mean

Answer 2

water strays away

Question 3

the membrane of a cell is mostly made up of what

Answer 3

phospholipids and proteins, (glycolipids)

Question 4

what are phospholipids

Answer 4

they are fats, they have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 5

what does the fluid mosaic model mean?

Answer 5

the membrane is flexible and made up of multiple proteins

Question 6

What does selectively permeable mean

Answer 6

it selects what can enter and leave the cell

Question 7

a cell being selectively permeable allows the cell to remain

Answer 7

balanced (homeostasis)

Question 8

list the main functions of proteins on the cell membrane (6)

Answer 8

1. Intercellular joinings
2. Enzymatic Activity
3. Transport (active/passive)
4. Cell-Cell Recognition
5. Anchorage/attachment
6. Signal Transduction

Question 9

What is passive transport

Answer 9

transportive molecules without any energy

Question 10

What are the different types of passive transport

Answer 10

Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Question 11

What is diffusion

Answer 11

when molecules move through the phospholipid bilayer from an area of high to low concentration to form an equilibrium

Question 12

Do molecules move down or up the concentration gradient with diffusion

Answer 12

down

Question 13

what is the concentration gradient

Answer 13

the amount of molecules that are present

Question 14

What is equilibrium

Answer 14

when there is equal movement in both directions across a membrane

Question 15

what is osmosis

Answer 15

the movement of water

Question 16

with osmosis where do water molecules move

Answer 16

from an area of HIGH solute concentration to an area of LOW solute concentration

Question 17

what is hypotonic

Answer 17

when water moves into the cell (making it bigger and burst)

Question 18

what is isotonic

Answer 18

when water moves in and out of the cell in equal rate (ideal)

Question 19

what is hypertonic

Answer 19

when water moves out of the cell (making it shrink)

Question 20

what is facilitated diffusion

Answer 20

when molecules move through the cell membrane with the help of proteins

Question 21

There are 2 types of protein, what are they

Answer 21

protein channel and carrier proteins

Question 22

what are protein channels

Answer 22

a tunnel that lets molecules pass through

Question 23

what are carrier proteins

Answer 23

they change shape to allow molecules through

Question 24

What does active transport use

Answer 24

energy

Question 25

what is active transport

Answer 25

molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration with energy

Question 26

do molecules move up or down the concentration gradient using active tranport

Answer 26

up

Question 27

what is endocytosis

Answer 27

when molecules enter the cell via vesicles

Question 28

what is pinocytosis in endocytosis

Answer 28

small solutes/liquids

Question 29

what is phagocytosis in endocytosis

Answer 29

large food particles

Question 30

what is exocytosis

Answer 30

molecules exiting the cell via vesicles

Question 31

high --> low

Answer 31

diffusion

Question 32

low solutes --> high solutes

Answer 32

osmosis: water

Question 33

low --> high

Answer 33

active transport

Question 34

particle movement from high concentration ---> lower concentration

Answer 34

passive transport