carbonyl compounds

Question 1

carbonyl compound

Answer 1

c=o

Question 2

using tollens reagent to determine between alde and ketone

Answer 2

.aldehyde react with tollens (AgNO3) to form a silver mirror as Ag+ is reduced to Ag and aldehyde is oxidised into a CA

Question 3

using 2,4 DNP

Answer 3

.both ketones and aldehyde react with it to form yellow ppt from a orange-red solution

.find the melting point of the ppct to compare with a data book to finf the original carbonyl compound

Question 4

NaBH4 with aldehyde/ketone mechanism

Answer 4

.forms alcohol

NaBH4 —> H- + NaBH3+

.arrow from lone pair on H- to C
.arrow from C(+)=O(-) bond to O

.H now attached with O being -ve
.arrow from lone pair on O to H of a water molecule
.arrow from H-O bond to O

.forms alcohol

Question 5

HCN with aldehyde and ketone mechanism

Answer 5

HCN —> H+ + -CN

.same mechanism as before but H+ instead of water

.forms a hydroxynitrile