carbonyls Flashcards
(23 cards)
what are carbonyl examples
aldehydes and ketones
properties of C=O
-susceptible to electrophilic attack
-nucleophilic addition happens as the pi bond is broken
whta is the solubility of carbonyls
smaller carbonyls are soluble as they form H bonds with water and other polar molecules
what is the reaction of oxidation of aldehydes
aldehyde to carboxylic acid
reagent of oxidation of aldehydes
potassium dichromate ions and dilute H2SO4
conditions of oxidation of aldehydes
heat, reflux
what can u observe during oxidation of aldehydes
orange to green
what does Tollens reagent do
distinguishes between aldehydes and ketones
what is a positive test for tollens reagent
if its an aldehyde then a silver mirror forms inside test tube
reagents of reduction of carbonyls
NaBH4 in aqueous ethanol
conditions of reduction of carbonyls
room temp
what are aldehydes reduced to in reduction of carbonyls
primary alcohols
whta are ketones reduced to during reduction of carbonyls
secondary alcohols
what is the reagent during reduction using catalytic hydragenation of a carbonyl
hydrogen and Ni catalyst
what are the conditions of reduction using catalytic hydragenation of a carbonyl
high pressure
what is the reaction of addition of hydrogen cyanide to carbonyls
carbonyl to hydroxynitrile
what is the reagent of addition of hydrogen cyanide to carbonyls
sodium cyanide NaCN and dilute H2SO4
what are the conditions of addition of hydrogen cyanide to carbonyls
room temp and pressure
what is the mechanism of addition of hydrogen cyanide to carbonyls
nucleophilic addition
what does the NaCN supply
nucelophikic CN- ions
what does H2SO4 supply during addition of hydrogen cyanide to carbonyls
H* ions
