Carbs Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the 3 main types of carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, and Polysaccharide.
Describe monosaccharides.
They are white crystalline solids with the same number of carbon atoms as oxygen atoms.
What are 3 monosaccharides?
Glucose, Frucutose, and Galactose.
What is an isomer?
Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but have a different arrangement in space.
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose? (structure)
One of the OH’s is flipped with the H underneath.
What kind of monosaccharide is glucose?
Hexose. 1-4 glycosidic bonds. 6 carbons. CH2OH (little 2).
What kind of mono saccharide is ribose?
Pentose. 1-4 glycosidic bonds. 5 carbons. HOCH2(little2).
What is the difference in structure between ribose and deoxyribose?
One of the OH’s in deoxyribose is only a H in ribose.
What is the reaction called that takes place when two monosaccharides join to make a disaccharide? Why?
Condensation reaction. It is called ‘condensation’ because water is lost during the reaction.
Which monosaccharides make up maltose? (Di)
Glucose + Glucose.
Which monosaccharides make up sucrose? (Di)
Glucose + Fructose.
Which monosaccharides make up lactose?(Di)
Glucose + Galactose.
Name 3 polysaccharides.
Cellulose, Starch, and Glycogen.
What 2 polymers make up starch?
Amylose and amylopectin.
Describe the structure of amylose.
A long chain of glucose molecules, which forms a helix because of its hydrogen bonds. 1-4 glycosidic bonds. V v v good for storage.
Describe the structure of amylopectin.
Long chains of glucose molecules with an adjacent chain added every 25 glucose molecules; this makes it branched.
Its structure allows for quick release of glucose for energy via respiration.
Describe the structure of glycogen.
Branched similar to amylopectin although it’s branches are shorter and more compact. It also has a lot more branches. It has v strong covalent bonds.
Describe the structure of cellulose.
Long (unbranched) chains of glucose molecules with b, 1-4 glycosidic bonds. These make v strong microfibrils as the unbranched chains can stack on top of each other.
What is cellulose’s function?
It is the main component of plant cell walls.
How does the structure of glycogen support its function?
Being more compact helps it store more energy and, sicne the covalent bonds are so strong, they release a lot of energy when broken.