Lipids Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are lipids used for n what are they also known as?
They are used in cell membranes, and they are commonly called fats or oils.
Name a type of lipid.
Triglyceride.
What is the solubility of lipids.
Insoluble in water, soluble in an organic solvent.
What are triglycerides used for?
Waxes, steroids, and cholesterol.
What elements make up lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Where are they stored? Why?
Adipose tissue provides heat, insulation, n protection.
What are they made up n what are the 3 types of it?
Fatty acids come saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated.
What is the difference between saturated and mono/polyunsaturated?
Saturated means there are only single bonds, monounsaturated means there is one double bond, polyunsaturated means there are multiple double bonds.
Describe saturated fatty acids.
Straight chains because of the single bonds.
Many molecules can line up and form attraction to each other (pancake stack).
High melting points bc of these attractions.
Describe unsaturated fatty acids
Bent chains bc of the double bonds. Cannot layer (no attraction) bc of the double bonds. Low melting point bc of the double bonds.
Describe the structure of a triglyceride.
HYDROPHOBIC. ESTER BOND.
Glycerol head with 3 long chains of fatty acids.
What is esterification?
Reaction where two reactants form an ester. CONDENSATION REACTION.
What is a phospholipid?
Two fatty acid chains joined to a glycerol head.
How do the fatty acid tails differ from the glycerol head?
The fatty chains are hydrophobic whereas the head in hydrophilic.
What bond joins the fatty acid tails to the glycerol head in a phospholipid?
An ester bond. (O-C)
What does amphipathic mean?
DUAL NATURE.
One end will mix with water n the other end will not.
What is the functional group found at the end of the fatty acids?
A carboxyl group (COOH).
Compare the structure of a phospholipid to the structure of a triglyceride.
Identical but one fatty acid chain is a phosphate group in a phospholipid.
What are the 8 major functions of lipids? Give an example of each.
MEMBRANE FORMATION (phospho), HORMONE PRODUCTION (cholest), ELECTRICAL INSULATION (fatty sheath!!!) WATERPROOFING (birds idk), ENERGY STORAGE (triglyc), THERMAL INSULATION (adipose).
How do you test for lipids?
EMULSION.
- Add ethanol n a wee bitta water
- White cloudy EMULSION.
