Carcinoma Flashcards by sakshi singh

M/c gynecological malignancy in DEVELOPED countries

Endometrial CA

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Serous CA of endometrium a/w mutation of __ gene

P53

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Metropathica hemorrhagic A/w ___ CA

Endometrial CA

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Corpus CA syndrome has

DM, HTN and obesity n infertility

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Diseases a/w with endometrial CA

HtN n DM

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Which is a risk factor and which one is the protective factor of endometrial CA

Multiparity v/s nulliparity

Multiparity protective
nulliparity risk

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Smoking is risk factor or protective factor for endometrial ca

Protective

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4 Protective factors for endo CA are

COC (s): combined ocp
Smoking
Multiparity
Physical exercise

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Which positive family history is a risk.favtor for endo CA

Hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer

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M/C endometrial carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma (endometroid)

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Which type of endo CA has the worst prognosis n is highly malignant

Clear cell CA (a/w hobnail cells)

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Which mutation or expression is present in following type of endometrial CA
1) endometroid
2)non endometroid

1) PTEN MUTATION
2) Her 2/ Neu expression; p53

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What is Simpson pain n feature of which CA

Pain in hypogastrium n iliac fossa, tends to appear at particular time every day lasting for 1 to 2 years.
Seen in endometrial CA

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In endometrial CA:
1) First IOC
2)gold standard

1) endometrial aspirational biopsy
2) fractional curette (D n C)

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Which type of endometrial hyperplasia holds the max risk for endometrial CA

Complex endometrial hyperplasia with Atypia

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% chances of cystic glandular hyperplasia turning into malignancy is

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Without atypia chances of conversion of endo hyperplasia into endo CA is

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Gold standard for evaluation of abnormal PAp when
1) lesion not visible
2) lesion is visible

1) colposcopy
2) punch biopsy

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Time for conversion of CIN to invasive CA

10 years

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CIN 1 is ___ intra epithelial lesion.
(In terms of grade)

Low grade or low squamous intra epithelial lesion (LSIL)

Whereas CIN 3 is HSIL

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CA IN SITU OF CERVIX IS ____ SIMILAR TO INVASIVE cA

Histologically

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Risk of lesion progressing to malignancy in CIN 2 is

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Best method for screening CA cervix

PAP smear

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If there is discrepancy b/w pap n colposcopy w/c technique is done to confirm results

Cone biopsy

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Abnormal colposcopy findings

1) white epithelium (leukoplaki) 2) acetowhite epithelium (on applying 5% acetic aid it turns white) 3) punctuation: dilated capillaries which appear on surface as dots 4) mosaic capillaries 5) atypical blood vessels 6)Irregular surface contour

Green filter is used to visualise

Vascular pattern.of cervix

Colposcopy cn help visualize And cannot see?

A)lower 1/3 of endocervix, vault of vagina, lateral fornix B) upper 1/3rd endo cervix

What's 1) satisfactory colposcopy 2) unsatisfactory colposcopy

1) original squamocolumnar junction, columnar epi n TZ in entirety r visible 2) failure to visualize new SC junction or findings r obscured by inflammation or atrophy

Fixative used for PAP is

95% ethyl alcohol

Cone biopsy is done in

1) abnormal pap 2) endocervical curattage positive

Cone biopsy is nt advised in

Cervical metaplasia

Vaccine preventable CA

Cervical CA

Ideal age of HPV vacine

9 to 13 years

Vaccine Cervarix protective against which sub types

HpV 16 n 18

Vaccine Gardasil is protective against which sub types

HpV 6, 11, 16 n 18

Vaccine Gardasil-9 is protective against which sub types

HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45,52,58

Circumcised partner and virginity are R/F for CA CX? Yes or no

Smoking is a 1) R/F 2) protective factor In which cancer

1) cervical cancer 2)endometrial CA

Parity is a R/f is which cancer 1) Multiparity 2) nulliparity

1) cervical cancer 2) endometrial cancer

Pre disposing infections in case of cervical ca

HIV, HPV, HSV HPV is the most common

HpV causes ____ n ____ cancers

Cervical n vulval cancer

HPV first infects ___ n ___ cells

Basal n para basal cells

M/c type of CA cervix

Squamous cell CA (80% cases) Arise from SQUAMOCOLUMNAR JUNCTION

Which is the most virulent n with worst prognosis, cervical cancer

Small cell cA, a subtype of squamous cell CA

1st symptom of cervical CA

Post coital bleeding M/C: bleeding per vagina Vaginal d/c is initially clear then becomes offensive

4 cardinal signs (clinical features) if CA cervix

Hardness, fragility, fixation, n bleeds to touch

M/c 1) route of spread 2) hematogenous spread occurs to __ 3) least chances of metastasis to __

1) lymphatic spread 2) lungs 3) ovaries

If PAP shows dysplasia go for __ n not ___

1) antibiotics 2) colposcopy

M/c of death in CA cervix

Uremia (renal failure) > hemorrhage (2nd M/c)

CA cervix staging is done by

Clinical findings

IOC for later stages of of cervical CA is

USG, for hydronephrosis

M/c functional ovarian cyst

Follicular cyst (Graffian Follicle fails to rupture during ovulation)

Glistening found on tubal serosa is a ___ cyst

Paraovarian cyst

Theca luteal cyst is 1) u/l or b/l 2) caused by 3) seen in w/c d/s (s)

1) B/L 2) excessive hcG 3) molar pregnancy, multiple gestation, choriocarcinoma, DM, ovulation induction

PCOD 1) cannot cause ___ CA 2) can cause __ CA

1) ovarian 2) endometrial ca

M/C benign tumor of ovary

Teratoma: mature i.e dermoid cyst (Which is a Germ cell tumor) (Also the m/c germ cell tumor)

Mc tumors of ovaries are

Epithelial tumors (m/c 60 to 70%) [Serous cysdenoma, m/c benign epithelial tumor)

M/C ovarian tumor in leading age of 20 to 30yrs

Serous cystadenoma

Psommoma bodies r seen in which ovarian tumors

Serous cystadenoma

Largest benign ovarian tumor

Mucinoys cystadenoma (Doesn't undergo malignancy) (B/w 20 to 30 years) A/w pseudomyxoma peritonei

Meig's syndrome

Ovarian fibromas, ascites n hydrothorax/ peural effusion

Tumors containing hobnail cells

Clear cell tumors. They hve cells wd abundant glycogen.

M/c tumor to undergo torsion

Dermoid cyst (mature teratoma) Torsion is the m/c complication M/c to undergo torsion during pregnancy

Vol of ovary after menopause

3cm ²

Which hormone increases in premature ovarian failure

Fsh

Pt with ⬆️ CA 125 go for __ investigation

PET scan (Upper limit of ca 125: 35 iu/ml) ( ca 125: 90iu/ml , diagnosis endometrioma)

M/c malignant ovarian tumor

Serous cystadenomacarcinoma Also the m/c epithelial cell tumor Can be u/l or b/l

Ovarian tumor with ⬆️ CA 125

Serous cystadenomacarcinoma (Also mucinous cystadenomacarcinoma, bt somewhere says no increase)

M/c malignant Germ cell tumor

Dysgerminoma (Also the m/c ovarian malignancy during pregnancy) * also most radiosensitive gct *also gct with best prognosis * gct r u/l but it can be b/l in 40% cases

Dysgerminoma is is a/w ⬆️ of which enzymes n hormones

Hcg, LDH n alkaline.phosphatase (A/w Turner's syndrome)

Gct with worst prognosis and highly malignant

Endometrial sinus (yolk sac) tumor (Also.seen in testes of boys n sacrococcygeal area of young children) (100% u/l)

Schiller Duvall bodies r seen in which ovarian.tumor

Endodermal sinus tumor

Enzymes increased in endodermal sinus tumor

⬆️ AFp and alpha 1 antitripsin antibodies

Call exner bodies on microscope are in which ovarian tumor

Granulosa: therapy vell tumor (Secretes estrogen causes precocious puberty) (Also reminiscing ovarian tumor) ( tumor cell secretes inhibin B)

Carcinoma Flashcards

(77 cards)