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System operations > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is AMI (acute myocardial infarction)

A

When blood flow to the heart muscle is abruptly cut off causing tissue damage.

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3
Q

What is the etiology/epidemiology of AMI’s (6)

A
  • More common in men
  • Smoking
  • Hypertension
  • Obesity
  • Stress
  • Atherosclerosis
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4
Q

What is the clinical presentation of AMI

A

Men
* Sudden chest pain
* Sweating
* Tachycardia
* Can radiate to the left arm, back, and jaw

Women
* Dizziness
* Epigastric pain (n/v)
* Upper back pain
* SOB
* Jaw pain

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5
Q

What is stable angina

A

Chest pain that mostly occurs with activity or emotional stress. Due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart.

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6
Q

What is the etiology/epidemiology of stable angina

A
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • Smoking
  • Coronary artery disease
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7
Q

What is the clinical presentation of stable angina

A
  • Retrosternal chest discomfort
  • Occurs in predictible patterns
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8
Q

What is unstable angina

A

Due to poort blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart.
The pain is unpredictable or there is a change in their normal angina.

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9
Q

What medication would someone with agina be taking?

A
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10
Q

What is the etiology/epidemiology of unstable angina?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • Smoking
  • Coronary artery disease
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11
Q

What is the clinical presentation of unstable angina?

A
  • Chest pain
  • Can radiate to arm, neck and jaw
  • Epigastric pain
  • Unpredictable
  • Unrelieved by usual methods
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12
Q

What is variant angina (prinzmetal)

A

Secondary to epicardial coronary artery spasms

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13
Q

What is the etiology/epidemiology

A

Smoking and medication

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14
Q

What is the clinical presentation of varian angina

A

Chest pain at rest, rarely on exertion

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15
Q

What is an aortic aneurysm

A

An enlargement of the aorta to more than 1.5 times the normal size, causing symptoms once ruptured.

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16
Q

What is the etiology/epidemiology of an aortic aneurysm

A
  • Older males (60-80)
  • Caucasians
  • Smoking
17
Q

What is the clinical presentation of an aortic aneurysm

A
  • Tearing pain in the abdomen
  • Back or leg pain
  • Sudden onset
  • Possible pulsatile mass
  • Difference in pedal pulses
  • Pain radiates from front to back
18
Q

What is cardiac contusion

A

It’s a bruise of the heart muscle/tissue

19
Q

What is the etiology/epidemiology of cardiac contusion

A
  • CPR
  • Falls greater than 20ft
  • MVC
20
Q

What is the clinical presentation of cardiac contusion

A
  • Dull pain after a traumatic mechanism
  • Pain aggravated by palpation
21
Q

What is CHF

A

A chronic progressive condition that affects the pupmping power of the heart muscles. It refers to the stage in which the heart can’t pump efficiently and causes a fluid build up.

22
Q

What is the etiology/epidemiology of CHF

A
  • Hypertension
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Vavular disease
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Thyroid disease
23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of CHF

A
  • Fatigue
  • Weight gain
  • Edema in the ankles
  • Increased need to urinate
  • Irregular heart rate
  • Cough
  • Wheezing
  • SOB
  • Chest pain
  • Rapid breathing
  • Cyanosis
  • Fainting

LEFT: Pulmonary edema, right sided heart failure
RIGHT: JVD, peripheral edema

24
Q

What is cardiac tamponade

A

A buildup of fluid in the pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart) putting pressure on the heart

25
Q

What is the etiology/epidemiology of cardiac tamponade

A
  • Trauma
  • Idiopathic
  • Viral infection
  • Pericarditis
  • Vascular disease
  • Tuberculosis
26
Q

What is the clinical presentation of cardiac tamponade

A
  • Hypotension
  • Distant heart sounds
  • JVD
27
Q

What is a hypertensive crisis

A

A severe increase in blood pressure that can lead to a stroke. Can easily damage the blood vessels.

28
Q

What is the etiology/epidemiology of hypertensive crisis

A
  • Male
  • Dietary intake
  • Hypertension
  • Kidney disease
29
Q

What is pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

30
Q

What is the etiology/epidemiology of pericarditis

A
  • Idiopathic
  • Viral infection
31
Q

What is the clinical presentation of pericarditis

A
  • Sharp stabbing localized pain
  • Worse on inspiration
  • Relieved by leaning forward
32
Q

What is vavular stenosis

A

The tissues forming the valve leaflets become stiff, narrowing the valve opening and reducing the amount of blood that can flow through it

System operations (12 decks)

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