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Med Surg 1 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Nonmodifiable risk factors for heart disease

A

Heredity, age, gender

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2
Q

Modifiable risk factors for heart disease

A

HTN, high serum lipid levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle

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3
Q

PVR is related to …

A

Diameter of blood vessel and blood viscosity

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4
Q

What is considered hypertension?

A

Measurement of 140/90 on 3 separate days

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5
Q

What is essential hypertension?

A

No single known cause

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6
Q

What is secondary hypertension?

A

Known cause (eg. renal disease, pregnancy, thyroid disease, cocaine, estrogen, steroids)

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7
Q

Hypertensive emergency

A

S > 180, D > 120

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8
Q

Hypertensive urgency

A

BP super high but no evidence of impending organ damage

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9
Q

How do you treat hypertensive crises?

A

Continuous IV infusion of a short acting titratable antihypertensive agent

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10
Q

Abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits and fibrous tissue within arterial walls and lumen

A

Coronary atherosclerosis

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11
Q

Caused by imbalance between coronary arteries’ supply of oxygen and cardiac muscle’s demand for oxygen

A

Angina

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12
Q

How to treat angina?

A

Should last 3-5 min, decrease with rest and nitroglycerin

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13
Q

Call 911 after how many nitroglycerin?

A

After 1 nitro, if there is no relief

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14
Q

Inability of the heart to work effectively as a pump

A

Heart failure

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15
Q

Causes of heart failure

A

Primarily MI or HTN

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16
Q

Symptoms of L sided heart failure

A

SOB, crackles, pulmonary edema, cough, confusion/fatigue, low O2 sats

17
Q

Symptoms of R sided heart failure

A

Distended neck veins, hepatomegaly, ascites, dependent edema, weight changes (the Rest of the body)

18
Q

Metabolic syndrome = any of the following 3

A

Waist circumference (> 40 in men, 35 in women), TG > 150, HDL < 40 men 50 women, BP > 130/85, fasting glucose > 100

19
Q

Cardiac enzymes released into circulation when myocardial cells die

A

Creatine kinase - CK-MB

20
Q

Regulates contractile process, increased levels indicate recent MI damage

A

Troponin T and I

21
Q

Where are the three leads placed for ECG?

A

RA, LA, LL

22
Q

P wave represents

A

Atrial depolarization, SA node fires

23
Q

PR interval represents

A

Conduction of impulse to ventricles

24
Q

Normal PR interval

A

0.12-0.2 sec

25
Q

QRS complex represents

A

Ventricular depolarization + atrial repolarization

26
Q

Normal QRS complex

A

< 0.12 sec

27
Q

ST segment represents

A

Ventricular depolarization and beginning of repolarization

28
Q

Elevation or suppression of ST segment may indicate…

A

Cardiac ischemia

29
Q

Ca controls

A

contraction

30
Q

Na controls

A

conduction

31
Q

K controls

A

repolarization

32
Q

Atrial rate =

A

P waves

33
Q

Ventricular rate =

A

R waves

34
Q

How many mL of blood should be ejected from the ventricle?

A

70-80 mL

Med Surg 1 (10 decks)

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