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Med Surg 1 > Fluid and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Electrolytes

A

Na, K, Cl, HCO3, Mg, Ca

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2
Q

Non-electrolytes

A

Glucose, urea, creatinine

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3
Q

Women and obese people have ____ body water

A

Less

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4
Q

Average balanced input and output

A

2500 ml

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5
Q

Values of average intake, content of food, and by products of metabolism

A

1300 ml, 1000 ml, 200 ml

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6
Q

Insensible fluid output

A

Skin, lungs, sweat, feces ~ 1000 ml

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7
Q

Sensible fluid output

A

~ 1500 ml (golden rule = 1 ml/kg/hour)

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8
Q

Urine is ____ solutes

A

5%

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9
Q

Breakdown of amino acids

A

Urea

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10
Q

Helps regenerate ATP, more in skeletal muscles

A

Creatinine

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11
Q

Breakdown of purines

A

Uric acid

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12
Q

Urine specific gravity, well hydrated

A

< 1.010

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13
Q

Specific gravity, minimal dehydration

A

1.010 - 1.020

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14
Q

Specific gravity, significant dehydration

A

1.021 - 1.030

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15
Q

Specific gravity, serious dehydration

A

> 1.030

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16
Q

Normal hct value

A

42-52% M, 35-47% W

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17
Q

Normal BUN

A

10-20 mg/dL

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18
Q

Normal creatinine

A

0.7-1.4 mg/dL

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19
Q

Normal serum osmolarity

A

275-295 mOsm/kg

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20
Q

Normal specific gravity

A

1.010 - 1.025

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21
Q

Controls and regulates volume of body fluids (extracellular)

A

Sodium

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22
Q

Chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content (intracellular)

A

Potassium

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23
Q

Nerve impulse, blood clotting, muscle contraction, B12 absorption

A

Calcium

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24
Q

Metabolism of carbs and proteins, vital actions involving enzymes (IC)

A

Magnesium

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25
Q

Maintains osmotic pressure in blood, produces HCl acid (EC)

A

Chloride

26
Q

Buffer system (EC)

A

Bicarbonate

27
Q

Cell division, hereditary traits (IC), affects peripheral pulse

A

Phosphate

28
Q

Normal Na value

A

135-145

29
Q

Normal K

A

3.5-5.0

30
Q

Normal Ca

A

8.6-10.2

31
Q

Normal Mg

A

1.3-2.3

32
Q

Normal Cl

A

97-107

33
Q

Normal Phosphate

A

2.5-4.5

34
Q

Normal pH

A

7.35-7.45

35
Q

Normal PaO2

A

> 90 mmHg

36
Q

Normal PaCO2

A

35-45 mmHg

37
Q

Normal HCO3

A

18-24 mEq/I

38
Q

Must be ingested, controls water balance, major contributor to osmolarity

A

Sodium

39
Q

Transmits and conducts nerve impulses, contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle, contraction of myocardium, insulin facilitates uptake of it into cell

A

Potassium

40
Q

Mostly found in skeleton, vital in regulating muscle cont/relax, works with vit D and calcitonin

A

Calcium

41
Q

Helps transmission of impulses for neuromuscular and cardiac function, activates enzymes for carb and protein metabolism, contracts heart muscle

A

Magnesium

42
Q

Follows Na closely, vital to acid base balance, helps make HCl acid

A

Chloride

43
Q

Inverse relationship to Ca, critical for cellular metabolism ATP

A

Phosphate

44
Q

Water passes from area of lesser solute concentration to higher until equal

A

Osmosis

45
Q

Tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent

A

Diffusion

46
Q

Requires energy for movement of substances from low solute to high

A

Active transport

47
Q

Passage of fluid through permeable membrane from high to low pressure

A

Capillary filtration

48
Q

Same concentration of particles as plasma

A

Isotonic

49
Q

Greater concentration of particles than plasma

A

Hypertonic

50
Q

Lesser concentration of particles than plasma

A

Hypotonic

51
Q

Excessive retention of water and sodium in ECF

A

Hypervolemia

52
Q

Deficiency in amount of water and electrolytes in ECF

A

Hypovolemia

53
Q

Best indicator of fluid status

A

Weight

54
Q

Examples of isotonic solution

A

Sodium chloride (0.9%), Ringers, Lactated Ringers

55
Q

Reason for administering isotonic solution

A

Used to replace fluid and expand vascular volume quickly

56
Q

Examples of hypertonic solution

A

Dextrose 5% + NS, Dextrose 5% + LR, any saline > 0.9%

57
Q

Reason for administering hypertonic solution

A

To draw fluid out of cells, to treat dangerously low Na levels

58
Q

Things to monitor closely after giving hypertonic solution

A

Blood pressure, lung sounds

59
Q

Examples of hypotonic solution

A

NS (0.45%), Dextrose 5% + water, D5 1/2 NS, D5 1/4 NS

60
Q

Reason for administering hypotonic solution

A

Draw fluid into the cells, prevent and treat cellular dehydration

61
Q

Hypotonic solution is contraindicated in _____

A

Acute brain injuries

62
Q
A

Med Surg 1 (10 decks)

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