Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 1

Electrolytes

Answer 1

Na, K, Cl, HCO3, Mg, Ca

Question 2

Non-electrolytes

Answer 2

Glucose, urea, creatinine

Question 3

Women and obese people have ____ body water

Answer 3

Less

Question 4

Average balanced input and output

Answer 4

2500 ml

Question 5

Values of average intake, content of food, and by products of metabolism

Answer 5

1300 ml, 1000 ml, 200 ml

Question 6

Insensible fluid output

Answer 6

Skin, lungs, sweat, feces ~ 1000 ml

Question 7

Sensible fluid output

Answer 7

~ 1500 ml (golden rule = 1 ml/kg/hour)

Question 8

Urine is ____ solutes

Answer 8

5%

Question 9

Breakdown of amino acids

Answer 9

Urea

Question 10

Helps regenerate ATP, more in skeletal muscles

Answer 10

Creatinine

Question 11

Breakdown of purines

Answer 11

Uric acid

Question 12

Urine specific gravity, well hydrated

Answer 12

< 1.010

Question 13

Specific gravity, minimal dehydration

Answer 13

1.010 - 1.020

Question 14

Specific gravity, significant dehydration

Answer 14

1.021 - 1.030

Question 15

Specific gravity, serious dehydration

Answer 15

> 1.030

Question 16

Normal hct value

Answer 16

42-52% M, 35-47% W

Question 17

Normal BUN

Answer 17

10-20 mg/dL

Question 18

Normal creatinine

Answer 18

0.7-1.4 mg/dL

Question 19

Normal serum osmolarity

Answer 19

275-295 mOsm/kg

Question 20

Normal specific gravity

Answer 20

1.010 - 1.025

Question 21

Controls and regulates volume of body fluids (extracellular)

Answer 21

Sodium

Question 22

Chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content (intracellular)

Answer 22

Potassium

Question 23

Nerve impulse, blood clotting, muscle contraction, B12 absorption

Answer 23

Calcium

Question 24

Metabolism of carbs and proteins, vital actions involving enzymes (IC)

Answer 24

Magnesium

Question 25

Maintains osmotic pressure in blood, produces HCl acid (EC)

Answer 25

Chloride

Question 26

Buffer system (EC)

Answer 26

Bicarbonate

Question 27

Cell division, hereditary traits (IC), affects peripheral pulse

Answer 27

Phosphate

Question 28

Normal Na value

Answer 28

135-145

Question 29

Normal K

Answer 29

3.5-5.0

Question 30

Normal Ca

Answer 30

8.6-10.2

Question 31

Normal Mg

Answer 31

1.3-2.3

Question 32

Normal Cl

Answer 32

97-107

Question 33

Normal Phosphate

Answer 33

2.5-4.5

Question 34

Normal pH

Answer 34

7.35-7.45

Question 35

Normal PaO2

Answer 35

>90 mmHg

Question 36

Normal PaCO2

Answer 36

35-45 mmHg

Question 37

Normal HCO3

Answer 37

18-24 mEq/I

Question 38

Must be ingested, controls water balance, major contributor to osmolarity

Answer 38

Sodium

Question 39

Transmits and conducts nerve impulses, contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle, contraction of myocardium, insulin facilitates uptake of it into cell

Answer 39

Potassium

Question 40

Mostly found in skeleton, vital in regulating muscle cont/relax, works with vit D and calcitonin

Answer 40

Calcium

Question 41

Helps transmission of impulses for neuromuscular and cardiac function, activates enzymes for carb and protein metabolism, contracts heart muscle

Answer 41

Magnesium

Question 42

Follows Na closely, vital to acid base balance, helps make HCl acid

Answer 42

Chloride

Question 43

Inverse relationship to Ca, critical for cellular metabolism ATP

Answer 43

Phosphate

Question 44

Water passes from area of lesser solute concentration to higher until equal

Answer 44

Osmosis

Question 45

Tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent

Answer 45

Diffusion

Question 46

Requires energy for movement of substances from low solute to high

Answer 46

Active transport

Question 47

Passage of fluid through permeable membrane from high to low pressure

Answer 47

Capillary filtration

Question 48

Same concentration of particles as plasma

Answer 48

Isotonic

Question 49

Greater concentration of particles than plasma

Answer 49

Hypertonic

Question 50

Lesser concentration of particles than plasma

Answer 50

Hypotonic

Question 51

Excessive retention of water and sodium in ECF

Answer 51

Hypervolemia

Question 52

Deficiency in amount of water and electrolytes in ECF

Answer 52

Hypovolemia

Question 53

Best indicator of fluid status

Answer 53

Weight

Question 54

Examples of isotonic solution

Answer 54

Sodium chloride (0.9%), Ringers, Lactated Ringers

Question 55

Reason for administering isotonic solution

Answer 55

Used to replace fluid and expand vascular volume quickly

Question 56

Examples of hypertonic solution

Answer 56

Dextrose 5% + NS, Dextrose 5% + LR, any saline > 0.9%

Question 57

Reason for administering hypertonic solution

Answer 57

To draw fluid out of cells, to treat dangerously low Na levels

Question 58

Things to monitor closely after giving hypertonic solution

Answer 58

Blood pressure, lung sounds

Question 59

Examples of hypotonic solution

Answer 59

NS (0.45%), Dextrose 5% + water, D5 1/2 NS, D5 1/4 NS

Question 60

Reason for administering hypotonic solution

Answer 60

Draw fluid into the cells, prevent and treat cellular dehydration

Question 61

Hypotonic solution is contraindicated in _____

Answer 61

Acute brain injuries