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Cardiac Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

What breath sounds do you hear for left sided heart failure?

A

crackles and rales

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2
Q

How do left sided heart failure patients sleep?

A

2 pillows behind the head and elevated head

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3
Q

What sound does S1 make?

A

“lub”

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4
Q

What sound does S2 make?

A

“dub”

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5
Q

What is a positive outcome for leg ulcer?

A

healing

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6
Q

What kind of diet do we tell patients to eat for leg ulcers?

A

high in protein

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7
Q

Pain when walking is called what in peripheral vascular disease

A

intermittent claudication

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8
Q

What color is it for venous problems

A

brown

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9
Q

what color is it for arterial

A

light pink/red

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10
Q

Is a pacemaker set at a certain rate?

A

yes but it can still go to another rate

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11
Q

What verifies the proper placement of pacemaker?

A

x-ray

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12
Q

What are the risk factors of angina? (9)

A 
diabetes
smoking
HTN
obesity*/ weight reduction
cholesterol
hx heart disease
older age
stress
exercise
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13
Q

What is angina?

A

oxygen is not getting to the heart muscle, which causes chest pain

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14
Q

Can you turn a patient after a cardiac cath procedure?

A

no

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15
Q

Cardiac cath post op:

What are we observing at the site?

A

bleeding

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16
Q

Cardiac cath post op:

When do patients ambulate after procedure?

A

6-8 hours

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17
Q

Cardiac cath post op:

What position do you put a patient in after going through the femoral artery?

A

supine

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18
Q

Cardiac cath post op:

What pulses do we need to check?

A

pedal pulses (strong and palpable?)

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19
Q

What should the systolic pressure be above when administer nitro?

A

90

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20
Q

Three doses of nitro are administered within how many minutes of administration?

A

5 minutes

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21
Q

How long do you have to wait after erectile dysfunction medications for nitro?

A

72 hours

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22
Q

How often do you change the site for a nitropatch?

A

every administration

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23
Q

What is the max allowed dosage for nitro paste?

A

2 inches

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24
Q

Modifiable risk factors of CAD? (3)

A

diet
smoking
stress

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25
Non-modifiable risk factors of CAD? (5)
``` age sex ethnic heredity family hx ```
26
Difference between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis?
``` athero= plack arterio= thickening of the arteries ```
27
What is an MI?
insufficient oxygen to the heart
28
Lab values for an MI?
troponin, CK-MB (heart muscle)
29
What is a total occlusion called?
STEMI
30
What is a partial occlusion called?
non-STEMI
31
What are the s/s an MI?
``` chest pain tachycardia sweating nausea difficulty breathing ```
32
What is the normal PR interval?
0.12-0.20
33
What is a normal QRS?
0.12
34
What is right sided heart failure?
blood returns to the heart through the veins, pumps blood from the heart to the lungs to be replenished with oxygen
35
What does right sided heart failure occur from?
left sided heart failure
36
What is systolic failure?
left ventricular loses its ability to contract so it cannot force blood out
37
What is diastolic failure?
left ventricular loses its ability to relax so it cannot fill will blood
38
s/s of poor tissue perfusion?
``` unable to exercise muscle wasting anorexic (unexplained weight loss) lightheaded dizzy altered mental tachycardia (even when resting) may not be able to sleep due to discomfort cool extremities pale or cyanotic color diaphoretic ```
39
What hygiene instructions do we need to tell patient when wearing a 24-48 hour holter monitor?
shower prior to beginning
40
What should the patient record when wearing a holter monitor?
all activities, including bowel movements
41
What are the s/s of a stroke?
``` facial droop slurred speech blank stare altered mental status periods of incontinence blurred vision hemiparesis (one sided weakness) sensory deficits emotional deficits cognitive deficits motor deficits numbness weakness trouble walking problems with balance ```
42
What does a "AAA" stand for?
abdominal aortic aneurysm
43
What should be felt when palpitating a AAA?
pulsatile mass
44
In a AAA, what sound would be heard?
bruit
45
Should the RN palpate the abdomen when assessing prior to diagnosis of a AAA?
no
46
How will the abdomen present during a AAA?
distended, vessels are narrowed (ie spinal stenosis patients)
47
What is the cause of a AAA?
artherosclerosis= plack
48
What will S3/S4 sound like?
gallop, click, murmur, or snap
49
For leg ulcers, what lab results do you want when there is injury to your heart?
troponin
50
Do patients cross their limbs with peripheral vascular disease?
no
51
What position is the patient's extremities in for venous problems?
elevated extremity
52
What position is the patient's extremities in for arterial problems?
supine
53
What is the end result of complications for hypertension?
stroke
54
What diet should a patient with HTN have?
2 gm sodium restriction
55
lifestyle changes for HTN include? (3)
diet, weight loss, and stress
56
HTN complications: When a vessel constricts, what occurs?
MI
57
What is cardiomyopathy?
decreased cardiac output, due to structural abnormalities
58
What is the patient at risk for with cardiomyopathy?
tissue perfusion
59
How does cardiomyopathy affect the gas exchange?
oxygen is not at optimal level
60
What is the range for triglycerides?
Below 150 is optimal
61
What is the activity tolerance for a patient with cardiomyopathy?
low intolerance for activities
62
What is the range for total cholesterol?
Less than 200
63
What is the good cholesterol?
HDL
64
What is the range for HDL?
Above 60 is optimal and less than 35 is high
65
What is the range for LDL?
Below 100 is optimal and 190 is high risk
66
What kind of diet do we teach patients to reduce cholesterol?
low cholesterol/ low saturated fat
67
Other than diet, what other teaching needs to be addressed for cholesterol patients?
exercise
68
In both atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, what do the vessels do?
the vessels constrict, causing stenosis
69
What is normal heart rate?
60-100
70
What are the sleep patterns of patients with poor tissue perfusion?
unable to sleep due to discomfort | up frequently
71
Can a AAA be visible?
yes
72
What does stenosis mean?
narrowing
73
What happens with S1?
mitral and tricuspid closes
74
What happens with S2?
pulmonic and aortic close
75
What is intermittent claudication a arterial or venous problems?
arterial
76
Do we encourage or discourage crossing of the legs for vascular disease?
no crossing of the limbs
77
For cardiomyopathy, what nursing intervention do we do with the feet?
elevate the feet and check for pedal pulses
78
What medication reduces the risk for esophageal varices? (4)
beta blockers antihypertensives calcium channel blockers histamine II antagonists
79
With what disorder do we give parental nutrition?
pancreatitis
80
Why are we concerned about the glucose levels with parental nutrition? What happens with diabetic patient?
accucheck every 4 hours because the glucose levels raises | diabetic patients can go low
81
s/s of left sided heart failure (6)
``` pulmonary congestion (crackles, rales) S3 or "ventricular gallop" dyspnea on exertion (DOE) orthopnea dry, nonproductive cough initially oliguria ```
82
s/s of right sided failure (6)
``` viscera and peripheral congestion JVD dependent edema hepatomegaly ascites weight gain ```
83
What is the first class of drugs used for treatment of HTN?
Thiazidediaretics

Med Surg (8 decks)

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