Diabetes Flashcards
(19 cards)
What causes diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Deficiency of insulin.
Do type 1 or type 2 diabetics get diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Type 1
What are the 3 major derangement’s of DKA?
- Hyperglycemia
- Ketosis
- Metabolic acidosis
In the absence of insulin, what does the liver break down?
Fat. Resulting in the production of highly acidic ketone bodies.
Which type of diabetic has a deficiency in production of insulin?
Type 1.
Which type of diabetic had impaired sensitivity/secretion?
Type 2.
Which type of diabetic is dependent on insulin?
Type 1. (Some type 2)
What are clinical manifestation of diabetes?
Polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia.
Do type 1 or type 2 diabetics get diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Both but much more common in type 1.
Difference between hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome and diabetic ketoacidosis?
In DKA hyperglycemia is so severe that it results in the breakdown of fat. Ketosis and acidosis occur in DKA. Most common in type 1.
In HHS the insulin level is too low to prevent hyperglycemia but not low enough to result in the breakdown of fat. No ketosis or acidosis. Most common in type 2.
What are three clinical manifestations of HHS?
Hypotension, dehydration, and neurologic signs.
What are three clinical manifestations of HHS?
Hypotension, dehydration, and neurologic signs.
What are the three treatments for DKA and HHS?
Fluid replacement, correction of electrolyte loss, and insulin administration.
Which type of diabetic had impaired sensitivity/secretion to insulin?
Type 2.
What is Insulin Humalog (Lispro)’s onset, peak, and duration?
Onset: 5-15 min
Peak: 30min-1 hour
Duration: 3-4 hours
What are the three major complications of diabetic macrovascular disorders?
Coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease.
What is the cause of macrovascular disease?
Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup).
What are two complications of microvascular disease?
Retinopathy (Visual disturbances) and Neuropathy (Kidney disease).
What is the cause of microvascular disease?
Capillary basement thickening.
