Respiratory Flashcards
(33 cards)
Vomiting is respiratory/ metabolic or acidosis/alkalosis?
metabolic alkalosis
Diarrhea is respiratory/ metabolic or acidosis/alkalosis?
metabolic acidosis
Constipation is respiratory/ metabolic or acidosis/alkalosis?
metabolic acidosis
normal pH level
7.35-7.45
What is osmosis?
area of low solute concentration to area of high solute concentration
What is diffusion?
solutes move from area of high concentration to one of lower concentration
What is status asthmaticus?
severe/persistent asthma that does not respond to conventional therapy
Nursing care for status asthmaticus, in terms of fluids?
increase fluids to 3-4 L per day
what medicines are used to treat asthma?
corticosteroids (long acting)
beta 2 adrenergic agonists (short acting)
complications of tracheobronchitis?
blood streaked secretions may be expectorated
patho of COPD:
airflow limitation with abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to irritating agents
Thickening of pulmonary vessels and hypertrophy of smooth muscle.
s/s of COPD? (3)
chronic cough
sputum production
dyspnea on exertion
s/s of asthma (4 general, 3 progressive)
cough, dyspnea, wheezing, generalized chest tightness
when exacerbation progresses: diaphoresis, tachycardia, widened pulse
primary clinical symptoms of emphysema?
wheezing
emphysema s/s?
barrel chest
can lead to right sided heart failure and cardiac failure
How do you cough effectively? (position and how to)
sitting while bending slightly forward
flex knees and hips
inhale slowly through nose and out through pursed lips
cough twice on exhalation while pulling in abdomen sharply
s/s of status asthmaticus? (4)
same as asthma but labored breathing, prolonged exhalation, engorged neck veins, and wheezing– wheeze may disappear when respiratory failure occurs
s/s of tracheobronchitis? (7 general, 4 progression)
dry, irritating cough expectorates scanty amount of mucoid sputum sternal soreness from coughing fever/chills night sweats headache general malaise
Progression: SOB, stridor, wheezing, prudent pus filled sputum
How long do we monitor status asthmaticus patients at first?
first 12-24 hours or until the severe exacerbation resolves
How do you prevent atelectasis?
frequent turning
early ambulation
strategies to expand the lungs
manage secretions
primary cause of angioedema?
trauma
your immune system is attacking itself (anaphylaxis)
what is chronic bronchitis?
presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years
For a patient with chronic bronchitis, what are they more susceptible to?
respiratory infections
What is filtration?
movement of water, solutes occurs from area of high hydrostatic pressure to area of low hydrostatic pressure