Respiratory Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

Vomiting is respiratory/ metabolic or acidosis/alkalosis?

A

metabolic alkalosis

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2
Q

Diarrhea is respiratory/ metabolic or acidosis/alkalosis?

A

metabolic acidosis

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3
Q

Constipation is respiratory/ metabolic or acidosis/alkalosis?

A

metabolic acidosis

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4
Q

normal pH level

A

7.35-7.45

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5
Q

What is osmosis?

A

area of low solute concentration to area of high solute concentration

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6
Q

What is diffusion?

A

solutes move from area of high concentration to one of lower concentration

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7
Q

What is status asthmaticus?

A

severe/persistent asthma that does not respond to conventional therapy

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8
Q

Nursing care for status asthmaticus, in terms of fluids?

A

increase fluids to 3-4 L per day

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9
Q

what medicines are used to treat asthma?

A

corticosteroids (long acting)

beta 2 adrenergic agonists (short acting)

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10
Q

complications of tracheobronchitis?

A

blood streaked secretions may be expectorated

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11
Q

patho of COPD:

A

airflow limitation with abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to irritating agents

Thickening of pulmonary vessels and hypertrophy of smooth muscle.

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12
Q

s/s of COPD? (3)

A

chronic cough
sputum production
dyspnea on exertion

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13
Q

s/s of asthma (4 general, 3 progressive)

A

cough, dyspnea, wheezing, generalized chest tightness

when exacerbation progresses: diaphoresis, tachycardia, widened pulse

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14
Q

primary clinical symptoms of emphysema?

A

wheezing

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15
Q

emphysema s/s?

A

barrel chest

can lead to right sided heart failure and cardiac failure

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16
Q

How do you cough effectively? (position and how to)

A

sitting while bending slightly forward
flex knees and hips
inhale slowly through nose and out through pursed lips
cough twice on exhalation while pulling in abdomen sharply

17
Q

s/s of status asthmaticus? (4)

A

same as asthma but labored breathing, prolonged exhalation, engorged neck veins, and wheezing– wheeze may disappear when respiratory failure occurs

18
Q

s/s of tracheobronchitis? (7 general, 4 progression)

A
dry, irritating cough 
expectorates scanty amount of mucoid sputum
sternal soreness from coughing
fever/chills
night sweats
headache
general malaise

Progression: SOB, stridor, wheezing, prudent pus filled sputum

19
Q

How long do we monitor status asthmaticus patients at first?

A

first 12-24 hours or until the severe exacerbation resolves

20
Q

How do you prevent atelectasis?

A

frequent turning
early ambulation
strategies to expand the lungs
manage secretions

21
Q

primary cause of angioedema?

A

trauma

your immune system is attacking itself (anaphylaxis)

22
Q

what is chronic bronchitis?

A

presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years

23
Q

For a patient with chronic bronchitis, what are they more susceptible to?

A

respiratory infections

24
Q

What is filtration?

A

movement of water, solutes occurs from area of high hydrostatic pressure to area of low hydrostatic pressure

25
What is active transport?
physiological pump that moves fluid from area of lower concentration of one of higher concentration
26
What controls the amount of water in the blood?
ADH
27
What controls the amount of Na in the blood?
aldosterone
28
s/s of pulmonary emboli? (3 main)
dyspnea, tachypnea, and sudden chest pain that mimic angina or MI others: anxiety, fever, tachycardia, apprehension, cough, diaphoresis, hemoptysis, syncope
29
How do we prevent pulmonary emboli?
prevent DVTs move legs in pumping exercise do not lie/sit for prolonged periods feet should rest on floor or chair, not dangle
30
Hyperventalating is due to respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?
respiratory alkalosis
31
What is the treatment for angioedema?
antihistamines
32
COPD reversible or irreversible?
irreversible
33
What medications do we give asthma patients? (3)
short acting bronchodilators inhaled corticosteroids decongestions