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Rad > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

What is the echogenic focus in the left ventricle?

A

calcified papillary muscle

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2
Q

What does the two chamber view display?

A

LV LA

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3
Q

What is seen on the three chamber view?

A

LVOT

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4
Q

Supra valvular aortic stenosis-

A

Williams syndrome

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5
Q

Bicuspid aortic valve+ coarctation=

A

Turners

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6
Q

What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?

A

rheumatic heart disease

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7
Q

What are the two most common causes of acute mitral regurgitation?

A

endocarditis, papillary muscle rupture

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8
Q

Supravalvular pulmonic stenosis=

A

Williams syndrome

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9
Q

Valvular pulmonary stenosis is see in what disease?

A

Noonan syndrome

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10
Q

Peripheral pulmonary stenosis is seen in hat syndrome?

A

Alagille

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11
Q

Sub valvular pulmonary stenosis is seen with what congenital heart disease?

A

TOF

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12
Q

What is the most common situation for pulmonary regurgitation?

A

post op TOF repair

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of TR?

A

pulmonary arterial hypertension

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14
Q

What is Ebstein anomaly?

A

tricuspid valve is hypoplastic-> RA enlargement, atrialized RV, tricuspid regurg

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15
Q

box shaped heart=

A

Ebstein

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16
Q

Tricuspid atresia is associated with what?

A

asplenia

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17
Q

Right aortic arch w/ left subclavian originating anteriorly=

A

mirror image

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18
Q

Right arch with mirror branching a/w what most commonly?

A

TOF

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19
Q

Right arch with mirror branching a/w what most closely?

A

truncus

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20
Q

egg on a string=

A

transposition

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21
Q

Snow man=

A

supracardiac TAPVR

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22
Q

boot shaped-

A

TOF

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23
Q

box shaped=

A

ebstein

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24
Q

thumb defects + ASD=

A

holt oram

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25
Q

ostim primum ASD seen in

A

Downs

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26
Q

Sinus venosus ASD seen with

A

PAPVR

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27
Q

unroofed coronary sinus has strong association with what?

A

persistent left SVC

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28
Q

Type III TAPVR=

A

infracardiac, pulmonary edema

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29
Q

Which TAPVR type gives snowman appearance?

A

type 1 supracardiac

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30
Q

What is the most common cause of cyanosis during the first 24 hours?

A

transposition

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31
Q

What procedure results in PA being draped over aorta

A

D transposition, le compte manuever

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32
Q

What is truncus associated with?

A

digeorge/ catch 22

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33
Q

Coarctation is strongly associated with what?

A

Turners

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34
Q

What common associated defect is seen with coarc?

A

bicuspid aortic valve

35
Q

Hypoplastic left heart is commonly associated with what?

A

coarc and endocardial fibroelastosis

36
Q

What is cor tratriatum sinistrum?

A

pulmonary vein draining into left atrium

37
Q

What med is used for wall motion?

A

dobutamine

38
Q

What med is used for perfusion?

A

adenosine

39
Q

Timing of dressler syndrome post MI?

A

4-6 weeks

40
Q

Timing of papillary muscle rupture post MI?

A

2-7 days

41
Q

Timing of ventricular pseudoaneurysm post MI?

A

3-7 days

42
Q

Timing of ventricular aneurysm post MI?

A

months

43
Q

Timing of myocardial rupture post MI?

A

within 3 days

44
Q

Difficult to null myocardium=

A

amyloid

45
Q

biventricular thrombus-

A

eosinophilic cardiomyopathy/loeffler

46
Q

septal bounce =

A

constrictive pericarditis

47
Q

sigmoidization on SSFP=

A

constrictive pericarditis

48
Q

subendocardial enhancement-

A

infarct

49
Q

transmural enhancement=

A

infarct

50
Q

Circumferential subendocardial enhancement=

A

amyloid

51
Q

Midwall patchy enhancement=

A

HCM

52
Q

Midwall septal enhancement= 2

A

myocarditis, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

53
Q

midwall lateral enhancement = 2

A

myocarditis, sarcoidosis

54
Q

epicardial enhancement 2

A

myocarditis, sarcoidosis

55
Q

kid with dilated heart and midwall enhancement=

A

muscular dystrophy

56
Q

what is the ratio in noncompaction?

A

non compacted end diastolic myocardium to compacted of more than 2.3:1

57
Q

What is the most common met to the heart?

A

lung cancer

58
Q

What is the most primary malignant cardiac tumor in adults?

A

angiosarcoma

59
Q

cardiac tumor with sunray appearance=

A

angiosarcoma

60
Q

What is the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults?

A

left atrial myxoma

61
Q

What two syndromes is myxoma associated with

A

carney complex, MEN

62
Q

Where is a myxoma most commonly?

A

left atrium

63
Q

What is the most common fetal cardiac tumor?

A

rhabdomyoma

64
Q

Where are rhabdomyomas most commonly located?

A

left ventricle

65
Q

What syndrome are rhabdomyomas associated with?

A

TS

66
Q

What is the 2nd most common childhood cardiac tumor?

A

fibroma

67
Q

Where are cardiac fibromas commonly located?

A

IV septum

68
Q

What tumor involves the cardiac valves?

A

fibroelastoma

69
Q

What is the sequence of surgeries for hypoplastic left heart?

A

Norwood (near birth)

Glenn (3-6 months)

Fontan (1.5-5years)

70
Q

What is the norwood procedure?

A

for hypoplastic left heart

enlarge aorta, ASD and put in BT shunt between right PA and SC artery

71
Q

What is the sano procedure?

A

same as norwood but conduit used instead of BT shunt

72
Q

What is the Classic Glenn?

A

shunt between SVC and RPA (end to end) proximal PA sewn shunt

73
Q

What is a bi directional Glenn?

A

shunt between SVC and right PA (end to side). RPA left open

74
Q

Fontan?

A

classic glen with ASD closure, shunt between RA to left PA

75
Q

What procedure results in plastic bronchitis?

A

fontan

76
Q

BT shunt?

A

between subclavian artery and pulmonary artery on OPPOSITE side of arch

77
Q

Modified BT shunt

A

SAME side as arch

78
Q

What are the two atrial switch procedures?

A

Senna and Mustard

79
Q

Rastelli operation

A

connects VSD to aorta

80
Q

Ross Procedure?

A

replaces aortic valve with own pulmonary valve and pulmonary with graft

81
Q

Bentall procedure?

A

graft replacement of aortic valve, aortic root and ascending aorta

82
Q

Typical inversion time of cardiac MRI?

A

175-250ms

83
Q

When to image contrast?

A

10-30 mins

Rad (18 decks)

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