Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards by Arylle Bustamante PTRP

The heart rests on the

Diaphragm

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Mass of tissue extending from sternum to vertebral column b/w the 2 lungs

Mediastinum

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Orientation of the base of the heart

Posterior
Superior
Points to the right

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Orientation of the apex of the heart

Anteriorly
Inferiorly
Points to the left

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Fibrous connective sac that encloses the heart

Pericardium

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2 layers of pericardium

Fibrous pericardium(outermost layer)

2. Serous pericardium(innermost layer)

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What are the 2 functions of the fibrous pericardium the outer most layer of the pericardium?

Prevents the heart from over stretching

2. Anchors the heart from the mediastinum

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What is the 2 layers of the serous pericardium the inner most layer of the pericardium?

Visceral serous pericardium(“epicardium”)
- adheres tightly in the heart(huggy bear)
Parietal serous pericardium
- outermost layer of the serous pericardium

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Pericardial fluids fxn,location and normal value

Lubricates the heart to dec. friction
Located b/w parietal and visceral serous pericardium
Normal value= 50ml

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Decrease pericardial fluid will lead to

(+)Pericardial friction rub (+)pain =Pericarditis

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Increase pericardial fluid will lead to

Cardiac tamponade
(-)pain
Inability to pump blood leading to cardiac arrest

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Forms the apex of the heart

L ventricle

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Opening of the interatrial septum of a fetal heart that normaly closes after birth

Foramen ovale

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Remnant of the foramen ovale

An oval depression on the interatrial septum

Fossa ovalis

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Ridges of cardiac muscle fiber in the ventricles

Trabeculae carnae

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Cone shaped structure of the trabeculae carnae this is where the chordae tendinae are attached and to the valves

Papillary ms

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Deoxyginated blood flow inside the heart

SVC and IVC
R atrium
tricuspid valve
R ventricle
Pulmonic valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs

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Oxygenated blood flow inside the heart

Pulmonary vein
L atrium
Bicuspid valve/mitral valve
L ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
System

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S1 heart sound

LUBB(closure of AV valves "inlet")
Audible thru a stethoscope 
Longer 
Louder
Lower in pitch

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S2 heart sound

DUBB(closure of the SL valves “outlet”)
Audible thru a stethoscope
Shorter
Not as loud as S1

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S3 heart sound

Rapid filling of the ventricles

Cannot be heard thru a steth, if yes its considered as a pathological sound(+) CHF/Ventricular gallop

Can be heard thru phonocardiogram

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Atrial systole/Atrial kick

25% of the remaining blood at the atrium are pumped to the ventricle

Cannot be heard thru a steth, if yes its considered as a pathological sound (+) MI , HTN

Can be heard thru phonocardiogram

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2 great controlling centers of the heart

ANS

Sympa
Para

Conducting system

SA node/Sinus node
AV node/junctional node
Bundle of HIS
Purkenji fiber

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Primary pacemaker of the heart

SA node/Sinus node

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Initiates depolarization

SA node/Sinus node

Location of the SA node and its specific location

R atrium Superior septal wall of the R atrium immediately below slightly lateral to the opening of superior vena cava

Most common site for heart block(delayed elec. conduction)

AV node

Location of AV node

Behind the tricuspid valve

Location of bundle of HIS

Interventricular septum

Largest pacemaker of the heart

Purkenji fiber

Location of purkenji fiber

Surrounds the 2 ventricles

Most affected structure in R coronary artery occlution

SA node = heart failure

Most affected structure in L coronary artery occlution

L ventricle = inability to pump blood to the system

Ventricular force required to open semilunar valves

After load

Highest arterial pressure and normal value

Systolic blood pressure | 120 mmHg

Lowest arterial pressure and lowest pressure

Diastolic blood pressure | 80 mmHg

Diff. b/w the systolic and diastolic pressure Normal value? Formula?

Pulse pressure 40mmHg Sys-diastole

Amount of blood left after ventricular relaxation | Normal value?

End diastolic volume | 120ml

Initial stretching of the heart

Pre load

Amt of bld left after ventricular contraction | Normal value?

End systolic volume

Amt of bld pumped by the ventricles per contraction or beat | Normal value?

Stroke volume 70ml EDV-ESV

Amt of blood pumped by the ventricles per minute Normal value? Formula?

Cardiac output 4-6 liters(resting cardiac output) doubles when exercising SVxHR

Arterial pressure with respect to time Average pressure of the large arteries Normal value Formula?

Mean arterial pressure(MAP) 93.33mmHg Diastolic BP+1/3(PP)

Atrial depolarization

P wave

Ventricular depolarization

QRS complex

Ventricular repolarization Cell charge becomes (-) Relaxation

T wave

Beginning of the P wave/atrial depolarization/atrial contraction to the beginning of the QRS complex/ventricular depolarization/ventricular contraction

PR interval most commonly called PQ interval

Beginning of the QRS complex/ventricular depolarization/ventricular contraction to the end of the T wave/ventricular depolarization/ventricular relaxation

QT interval

End of the P wave/atrial depolarization/atrial contraction to the beginning of the QRS complex/ventricular depolarization/ventricular contraction

PR segment

End of QRS complex/ventricular depolarization/ventricular contraction to the beginning of T wave/ventricular repolarization/ventricular relaxation

ST segment

Prolonged P-R interval

Heart block

Wide ,bizarre, odd, QRS complex

PVC(premature ventricular contraction) | Skipping heart beat

ST segment elevation

Myocardial infarction

ST segment depression

Myocardial ischemia

Location of Atrial valve

3rd Left ICS(intercostal space)

Loc of pulmonic valve

3rd Left CC(costal cartilage)

Mitral valve location

4th left CC(costal cartilage)

Location of tricuspid valve

4th Right ICS(intercostal cartilage)

Loc of auscultation for aortic valve

2nd Right ICS , SB(sternal border)

Loc of auscultation for pulmonic valve

2nd Left ICS,SB(sternal border)

Loc of auscultation for mitral valve

5th Left midclavicular line

Loc of auscultation for tricuspid valve

4th Left ICS, SB

The ant surface of the heart is also called

Sternocosa l surface

Forms the most anterior surface of the heart

R atrium

Post surface of the heart is also called

Base of the heart

Forms the mos post surface of the heart

L atrium

Inferior surface of the heart is also called

Diaphragmatic surface

Forms the apex of the heart

L ventricle

Innominate artery

R brachiocephalic artery(no Left)

Supplies the buttocks pelvis and genitals

Internal common iliac artery

Also called the junctional node

AV node

Most commonly occluded side of the coronary artery

L coronary artery

Blood supply of the L ventricle

LADA(L ant. Descending artery) | Circumflex artery

Resting membrane potential of cadiac ms

-88mV

Phase of depolarization Inward current of Sodium(Na) Pasok Na+

Phase 0

Phase of initial repolarization Decreased influx of Na+ (dt closure of opening Outward current of potassium(k+) -so that cell will not burst Labas K+

Phase 1

Phase of Plateau Maintained depolarization Inward current of calcium(ca+) -makes it positive Pasok ca+

Phase 2

Phase of repolarization Decreased influx of Ca+ Outward current of potassium Labas k+

Phase 3

Phase of resting membrane potential | Returns to -88mv

Phase 4

During rapid feeling of the ventricles 75% of blood from atrias >> ventricles passively done 1st third Middle third Last third of diastole

1st third

During rapid feeling of the ventricles Cont. blood flow from atrias>> ventricles 1st third Middle third Last third of diastole

Middle third

During rapid feeling of the ventricles 25% of blood from atrias>>ventricle +atrial systole/atrial kick 1st third Middle third Last third of diastole

Last third

After load needed for pulmonic valve opening

8mmhg

Afterload needed for aortic valve opening

80mmhg

During the 1st third of ejection percentage of bld that goes to pulmo. Artery and aorta

70%

During the last 2/3 of ejection the percentage of blood that goes to the pulmo artery and aorta

30%

AV valves that are closed starts to open is during the period of what

Period of isovolumic relaxation

A condition in which there is an increase in end systolic volume

Congestive hear failure

Valve that is located at the 3rd Left ICS(intercostal space)

Aortic valve

Valve located at the 3rd left CC(costal cartilage)

Pulmonic valve

Valve that is located at the 4th Left CC(costal cartilage)

Mitral valve

Valve that is located at the 4th Right ICS(intercostal space)

Tricuspid valve

Auscultated valve over the 2nd Right Intercostal space ,SB(sternal notch)

Aortic valve

Auscultated valve over the 2nd Left ICS, SB(sternal notch)

Pulmonic valve

Auscultated valve over the 5th Left midclavicular line

Mitral valve

Auscultated valve over the 4th Left ICS(intercostal space), SB

Tricuspid valve

Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards

(96 cards)