Cardiac Assessment

Question 1

where can you find the apical pulse (pmi)

Answer 1

4th or 5th left intercostal space

medial to midclavicular line

Question 2

where should you listen to the carotid artery?

Answer 2

the angle of the jaw
the midcervical area
the base of the neck

Question 3

blowing swishing sound caused by turbulence of blood in the carotid artery

Answer 3

bruit

platelets usually cause this

Question 4

what side of the neck should you inspect and observe the jugular veins

Answer 4

the right side

Question 5

in what part of diastole does the S3 happen?

Answer 5

early (after s2)

Question 6

in what part of diastole does S4 happen?

Answer 6

late (before s1)

Question 7

what causes S3?

Answer 7

congestive heart failure
pregnancy
individuals less than 35

Question 8

what causes S4?

Answer 8

hypertrophy
hypertension
MI (myocardial infarction)

Question 9

what is happening when S3 is heard?

Answer 9

there is a blood/fluid volume overload

Question 10

what is happening when S4 is heard?

Answer 10

compliance issue - expansion problem

Question 11

what is happening to the valves in s1

Answer 11

tricuspid and mitral valves are closing

Question 12

what is happening to the valves in s2

Answer 12

aortic and pulmonic valves are closing

Question 13

what is a thrill?

Answer 13

a palpation abnormality feeling like a purr

Question 14

chest rises with pulsations?

Answer 14

heave

Question 15

where do you auscultate the aortic area?

Answer 15

Right sternal border

2nd ICS

Question 16

where do you auscultate the pulmonic area?

Answer 16

left sternal border

2nd ICS

Question 17

where do you ausculate the tricuspid (ERBS point) area?

Answer 17

L sternal border

5th ICS

Question 18

where do you auscultate the mitral (PMI) area?

Answer 18

L midclavicular line

5th ICS

Question 19

when are diastolic murmurs heard?

Answer 19

after s2

Question 20

when are systolic murmurs heard?

Answer 20

after s1

Question 21

what heart sound is heard to match the carotid pulse?

Answer 21

s1

Question 22

looking at
color
temperature
edema
skin changes
pain
buergers
cap refill

all assesses what?

Answer 22

peripheal perfusion

Question 23

decrease in pulses
skin is cool and pale
pain with limb elevation
hair loss
intermittent claudication

Answer 23

arterial insufficiency

Question 24

varicous veins
heart failure
chronic pooling (distension)
edema
pulses are present
pain decreases with elevation

Answer 24

venous insufficiency

Question 25

what does a peripheal assessment consist of?

Answer 25

pulses
perfusion
veins

Question 26

what are a few common findings in the aging adult

Answer 26

ateriiosclerosis
larger calf vessels & DVT
orthostatic hypotension
AP diameter increase
s4 is common