Musculoskeletal

Question 1

decreasing the angle of the joint

Answer 1

flexion

Question 2

increasing the angle of the joint

Answer 2

extension

Question 3

further extension or straightening of a joint

Answer 3

hyperextension

Question 4

movement of the bone away from the midline of the body

Answer 4

abduction

Question 5

movement of the bone toward the midline of the body

Answer 5

adduction

Question 6

movement of the bone around its central axis

Answer 6

rotation

Question 7

movement of the distal part of the bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed

Answer 7

circumduction

Question 8

turning the sole of the foot outward by moving the ankle joint

Answer 8

eversion

Question 9

turning the sole of the foot inward by moving the ankle joint

Answer 9

inversion

Question 10

moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward when held in front of the body

Answer 10

pronation

Question 11

moving the bones of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward when held in front of the body

Answer 11

supination

Question 12

term used to describe the awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position, weight and resistance of objects in relation to the body

Answer 12

proprioception

Question 13

what type of joint is the neck?

Answer 13

pivot

Question 14

what type of joint is the shoulder?

Answer 14

ball and socket

Question 15

what type of joint is the elbow?

Answer 15

hinge joint

Question 16

what type of joint is the wrist?

Answer 16

condyloid joint

Question 17

what type of joint is the thumb?

Answer 17

saddle joint

Question 18

what type of the joint is the hip?

Answer 18

ball and socket joint

Question 19

what type of joint is the knee?

Answer 19

hinge

Question 20

what type of joint is the ankle?

Answer 20

hinge

Question 21

what type of joint is the trunk?

Answer 21

gliding

Question 22

ligaments

Answer 22

bone to bone

Question 23

tendon

Answer 23

muscle to bone

Question 24

what does the cerebral cortex do for the musculoskeletal system

Answer 24

voluntary movement

Question 25

what does the cerebellum do for the musculoskeletal system

Answer 25

motor activities, coordination,

Question 26

what does the basal ganglia do for the musculoskeletal system

Answer 26

posture

Question 27

what is incorporated in the inspection part of the assessment?

Answer 27

``` position of the joint splinting redness swelling deformity dislocations contracture subluxations ```

Question 28

what is incorporated in the palpation part of the assessment?

Answer 28

``` tenderness warmth swelling crepitus masses ```

Question 29

what is incorporated in the ROM test

Answer 29

are they capable? attempt passive rom goniometer measurements

Question 30

what is incorporated in the testing part of assessment

Answer 30

bilateral movement | prime mover muscles graded on a scale of 0 to 5 (5 being highest)

Question 31

what is included in the psychosocial part of assessment

Answer 31

``` how deformities effect body image ADLS social isolation depression spiritual needs ```

Question 32

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 32

autoimmune, systemic with deformities

Question 33

osteoarthritis

Answer 33

noninflammatory, limited rom, non systemic

Question 34

which is stronger? flexor or extender

Answer 34

flexors

Question 35

what are labrinth sensors?

Answer 35

sensors that talk directly to the brain for balance

Question 36

what is isotonic exercise?

Answer 36

muscle contraction and joint movement

Question 37

what is isokinetic exercise?

Answer 37

muscle contraction against resistance

Question 38

what is isometric exercise?

Answer 38

muscle contraction with no joint movement

Question 39

aerobic exercise?

Answer 39

repetitive large muscle group movement for physical and cardiovascular fitness

Question 40

what is anaerobic exercise?

Answer 40

body uses oxygen from alternate pathways, endurance training

Question 41

what is the cause of chronic fatigue

Answer 41

long term little sleep and illness or disease

Question 42

what is the cause of acute fatigue

Answer 42

sleep loss of short periods

Question 43

what is an influencing factor of acute fatigue

Answer 43

stress

Question 44

what are characteristics of acute fatigue

Answer 44

tired | slow down of thinking process

Question 45

what are characteristics of chronic fatigue

Answer 45

loss of memory or concentration not renewed by sleep unrefreshing sleep joint pain and treatment

Question 46

what is the consequence of the musculoskeletal system because of exercise?

Answer 46

hypertrophy

Question 47

what is the effect of exercise on the urinary system?

Answer 47

increased output because of increase in blood flow

Question 48

what is the effect of exercise on cardiorespiratory?

Answer 48

mediate stress and improve gas exchange

Question 49

what is the effect of exercise on gastrointestinal

Answer 49

less constipation, appetite is controlled, facilitates perstalsis

Question 50

what is the effect of exercise on metabloic

Answer 50

increase in metabolic rate

Question 51

what is the effect of exercise on psychoneurological

Answer 51

better mood decrease in stress release symptoms of stress

Question 52

how to assess gait or balance

Answer 52

stand with both feet walk without assistance walk through door turn

Question 53

what is the highest risk of falls for blood pressure

Answer 53

drop of 20 mmHG between lying and standing

Question 54

``` antihestamines anesthetics antihypertensives antiseizures benzos carthartics diurectics hypoglycemics psychotropics sedatives and hypnotics ``` all are linked to what?

Answer 54

falls

Question 55

what is joint effusion

Answer 55

swelling from excess fluid in the joint capsule

Question 56

gouty arthritis

Answer 56

effusion or synovial thickening

Question 57

epicondylitis

Answer 57

tennis elbow

Question 58

ganglion cyst

Answer 58

round cystic contender nodule overlying a tendon or joint

Question 59

extreme flexion caused by RA

Answer 59

ankylosis

Question 60

polydactyly

Answer 60

extra digits

Question 61

syndactly

Answer 61

webbed fingers

Question 62

odgood schlatter

Answer 62

painful swelling of tibial tubercule