Cardiac Cycle (Midterm 2)

Question 1

What is bulk flow?

Answer 1

rapid flow of blood throughout the body due to pressures by the pumping action of the heart

Question 2

What is the atrium?

Answer 2

the upper chambers of the heart

Question 3

What is the ventricle?

Answer 3

the lower chambers of the heart

Question 4

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 4

includes blood pumped from the right ventricle through the lungs to the left atrium

Question 5

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 5

(continuing from the pulmonary circulation) blood is pumped from the left ventricle through the organs and tissues (except lungs) then to the right atrium

Question 6

What are arteries?

Answer 6

blood vessels carrying blood AWAY from the heart

Question 7

What are veins?

Answer 7

blood vessels carrying blood TO the heart

Question 8

What is an aorta?

Answer 8

part of the systemic circuit, the biggest single large artery in your body

Question 9

What are arterioles?

Answer 9

smaller arteries branched off from normal arteries

Question 10

What are capillaries?

Answer 10

very small vessels

Question 11

What are venules?

Answer 11

unity of capillaries to form a larger diameter vessel

Question 12

What are the two largest veins in your body?

Answer 12

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 13

Where does the superior vena cava carry blood from?

Answer 13

anywhere above the heart

Question 14

Where does the inferior vena cava carry blood from?

Answer 14

anywhere below the heart

Question 15

Which side of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 15

the right side

Question 16

Which side of the heart pumps blood into the systemic circuit?

Answer 16

the left side

Question 17

Why are the atrioventricular valves bigger?

Answer 17

for a larger amount of flow during the filling phases

Question 18

What controls the opening and closing of the semilunar valves?

Answer 18

based off of the pressure of the arteries outside

Question 19

What happens to the AV valves when the ventricles contract, what does the blood do? (blood is in the ventricles)

Answer 19

blood presses up against the AV valve cusps forcing them to close and prevents back flow

Question 20

What happens to the AV valves when the ventricles are relaxed?

Answer 20

blood entering the atria pushes the AV valves open down to the ventricles = fills up ventricles

Question 21

What is the purpose of papillary muscles and chordae tendineae?

Answer 21

to prevent the backflow of blood from ventricles to atria

Question 22

When does the closure of AV valves occur?

Answer 22

when the pressure in the ventricles is greater than the pressure in the atria

Question 23

What happens to the semilunar valves when the ventricles contract?

Answer 23

open, blood presses up the semilunar cusps= forces valves to open = blood flows into aorta/pulmonary arteris

Question 24

Are the direction of the cusps between the semilunar valves and AV valves the same or opposite?

Answer 24

opposite

Question 25

What happens to the semilunar valves when the ventricles relax?

Answer 25

blood in the aorta/pulmonary arteries press down against the cusps = forces them closed

Question 26

What is diastole?

Answer 26

period of relaxation -- filling of heart with blood

Question 27

What is systole?

Answer 27

period of contraction

Question 28

In the cardiac cycle, what contracts? (atria or ventricles?)

Answer 28

ventricles

Question 29

What marks the beginning of ventricular systole?

Answer 29

ventricular contraction causing AV valves to close

Question 30

What forces the semilunar (SL) valves to open?

Answer 30

pressure build-up in ventricles

Question 31

Is the passive ventricular filling phase diastole or systole? What phase number is this?

Answer 31

diastole, 1

Question 32

What happens during the passive ventricular filling phase?

Answer 32

AV valves open = blood flows into relaxed ventricles; responsible for most of the ventricular filling

Question 33

Is the active ventricular filling phase diastole or systole? What phase number is this?

Answer 33

diastole, 1

Question 34

What happens during the active ventricular filling phase?

Answer 34

the atria begins to contract which completes the ventricular filling phase

Question 35

Is the period of isovolumic contraction phase diastole or systole? What phase number is this?

Answer 35

systole, 2

Question 36

Why doesn't the semilunar valves open during the isovolumic contraction phase?

Answer 36

the pressure in the ventricles is still too low to open them

Question 37

What happens during the isovolumic contraction phase?

Answer 37

ventricular contraction causes/keeps the AV valves closed

Question 38

Is the period of ejection phase diastole or systole? What phase number is this?

Answer 38

systole, 3

Question 39

What happens during the period of ejection phase?

Answer 39

continued ventricular contraction pushes blood out of the ventricles = opening semilunar valves

Question 40

What happens when the ventricles relax?

Answer 40

intraventricular pressure falls = SL valves close & blood flows back from arteries = fills up SL valve cusps = reinforces closure

Question 41

Is the period of isovolumic relaxation phase diastole or systole? What phase number is this?

Answer 41

diastole, 4

Question 42

What marks the beginning of ventricular diastole?

Answer 42

when SL valves close

Question 43

What happens during the period of isovolumic relaxation phase?

Answer 43

very brief pause in cardiac cycle || semilunar valves all closed and no flow occurring blood flow back onto closed valves due to differences in pressure

Question 44

What state are arteries in during systole?

Answer 44

expand to hold blood newly ejected from the ventricles

Question 45

What state are arteries in during diastole?

Answer 45

recoil inward to send blood continuously through the rest of the vasculature