Cardiac malformation and pericardial disorders Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is the leading cause of death in the first year of life
Congenital heart defect
What disease will you see a blue sclera
osteogenesis imperfecta
Where is the ductus arteriosus
Junction at the bifurcation of pulmonary arteries and less curve of aortic arch
Which part of the heart provides 65% of CO in fetal development
RV
When does the Ductus arteriosus close and why
at birth (hours to days) from decreased prostaglandins
What occurs to pulmonary pressure with PDA
Increases
What will cause a PDA
Decreased respiratory drive in neonates
increased prostaglandins to failure of closure
What increases the risk for a PDA
maternal rubella
What exam findings will you see with a PDA
diastolic murmur heard best under L. clavicle
LV enlargement
May progress to HF
When does the heart begin to develop
around 3 weeks
When does the heart begin to beat
day 28
How are ASDs classified
size and symptoms
**especially when talking about kids
What is an ASD
Defect in the atrial septum that allows for left to right blood flow
**leads to increased right side filling and eventually dilated RA
What is the most common type of ASD
ostium secundum
What are the different types of ASD
Ostium secundum
ostium primum
sinus venosus
What type of ASD may be associated with mitral valve defects and involve the ventricular septum / subaortic abnormality
Ostium primum
What is the most common cardiac malformation associated with Down syndrome
ASD
*also have looser ligaments
What type of murmur will occur with ASD
Pulmonary outflow murmur
split S2
Why is a PFO different from and ASD
PFO is not missing any tissue
What study can be done to test for a PFO
Bubble study
**will see R->L shunting
When do PFOs typically close
within the first week of life
What is the typical size of a PFO
3.4mm
What is a paradoxical embolism
Venous to arterial emboli
When will a paradoxical embolism occur
If RA pressure is greater than LA
