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CABS cardiology > Valvular heart disesase > Flashcards

Valvular heart disesase Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Venturi effect

A

In HOCM it is when there is turbulent flow in the ventricle

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2
Q

What is laminar blood flow

A

calm (quiet) blood flow

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3
Q

During diastole what valves are open

A

AV valves

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4
Q

During systole what valves are open

A

Semilunar

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5
Q

What sound is S1

A

Lub (systole)

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6
Q

What heart sound is S2

A

Dub (Diastole)

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7
Q

Where is Erbs point and what is it used for

A

Third, left intercostal space

Good for listening to pathology like aortic regurge

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8
Q

What does it mean if there is a splitting of a heart sound

A

Valves are closing asynchronously

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9
Q

When is S4 heard in the cycle

A

just prior to S1(atrial gallop)

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10
Q

When is S4 heard in the heart cycle

A

Early diastole (ventricular gallop)

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11
Q

What can cause valvular stenosis

A

fibrosis
sclerosis
calcification

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12
Q

What happens when there is valvular regurge

A

Valve doesn’t shut completely and allows blood to back flow

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13
Q

What causes rheumatic fever

A

complication of GAS infection (s.pyogenese)

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14
Q

What gets attacked in the heart with rheumatic disease

A

aortic and mitral valves

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15
Q

When does acute rheumatic fever occur

A

weeks after initial illness

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of severe aortic stenosis

A

Heart failure
Angina
Syncope

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17
Q

What occurs with the valve in aortic stenosis

A

Thickening of the aortic valve with calcification
*ends up causing increase velocity

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of outflow obstruction in both kids and adults

A

Aortic stenosis

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19
Q

What does aortic stenosis cause

A

increased pressure within the LV which causes and increase pressure that the ventricle has to push against (AKA end diastolic pressure)

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20
Q

What are increased risk factors for aortic stenosis

A

HTN
Hyperlipidemia
Smoking
DM

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21
Q

What occurs in the valve with rheumatic heart disease

A

Fusion of the tissue of the valve

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22
Q

What does BNP test for

A

CHF

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23
Q

What is BNP

Study These Flashcards
A

Brain naturetic peptide

24
Q

If you have a high BNP what does it mean

Study These Flashcards
A

the more severe the CHF

25
What is aortic regurge
During diastole, blood that should be within the aorta/systemic circulation, is able to reenter the LV
26
What kind of murmur does aortic regurge cause
diastolic
27
what is the aortic valve attached to
aortic root
28
What does back flow into the LV cause
eccentric hypertrophy (leads to dilated cardiomyopathy)
29
What happens if there is a problem with the aortic root
causes adhered valvular cusps to separate (aneurysm / dissection)
30
Where in the vessel does a dissection happen
Separation of the intimacy and media
31
What type of CT pathology is also associated with aortic regurge
Marfans Ehlers-danlos
32
What are the risk factors for mitral stenosis
Older patients End stage renal disease Calcification deposits
33
What is the normal opening size for the mitral valve
4-6cm
34
When do patients become symptomatic with mitral stenosis
<2cm opening
35
what is orthopnea
difficulty laying down from fluid
36
How will a patient present with mitral stenosis
dyspnea orthopnea hemoptysis
37
What are the causes of primary regurgitation
Infective endocarditis Rheumatic heart disease Mitral prolapse CT disease MI (papillary muscle rupture)
38
What are the causes of secondary regurge
Valve is normal, the problem is in the ventricle causing change in the annular shape (HOLCOM)
39
What is a mitral valve prolapse
Valve becomes loose / floppy -> bends inappropriately
40
What is the job of the moderator band
Carries large amount of the RBB to the myocardium of the RV
41
Where are moderator bands found
near the papillary muscles
42
What are some cause of tricuspid stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease Carcinoid syndrome Tumors
43
What symptoms will occur with tricuspid stenosis
Venous issues (Incr. JVP) Arrhythmias
44
When do symptoms of tricuspid regurge get worse
with increased preload
45
What are the common causes of tricuspid regurge
pulmonary HTN Enodcarditis (IVDU) papillary muscle rupture
46
What is pulmonic stenosis
Thickening of the pulmonic valve with calcification = increased velocity
47
What are the outcomes of pulmonary stenosis
-RV hypertrophy -systolic murmur (lub) - Diastolic dysfunction - RV failure
48
What are the causes of pulmonary stenosis
Congenital Part of tetralogy of fallot
49
What is tetralogy of fallot
Combination of 4 congenital heart defects -VSD -pulmonary stenosis -misplaced aorta -Thickened RV wall
50
What kind of murmur is heard with pulmonic regurge
diastolic
51
What are some causes of pulmonary regurge
Endocarditis Carcinoid syndrome post Valvuloplasty
52
What increases the risk of endothelial disruption
Turbulent or high flow states *bacteria will increase platelet aggregation = increased sequestration of microorganisms
53
What is the Duke criteria for
To diagnosis Endocarditis
54
Where do septic emboli come from
vegetations in the right side of the heart
55
What is empyema
abscess in the lungs
56
What is endocarditis associated with in children
Congenital valvular disease nosocomial infection rheumatic heart disease
57
What are the acute causes of endocarditis
S.Aureus B-hemolytic strep Aerobic gram neg bacili

CABS cardiology (10 decks)

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