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Clinical Years / Progress Test > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

what is first line for bradycardia?
if fails?

A

atropine
then external pacing

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2
Q

what is radio-femoral delay associated with?

A

coarctation of the aorta

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3
Q

what rhythms are shockable? what drug is given with them

A

VT and VF
give amiodorone 300mg after 3 shocks
CPR 30:2 for 2 minutes between shocks

Give adrenaline 1mg after compressions have restarted after 3rd shock if no response

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4
Q

what rhythms are non-shockable? how do you manage

A

asystole/pulseless electrical activity
CPR 30:2
give adrenaline 1mg asap then every 3-5 minutes

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5
Q

management for SVT

A

vagal manoevres then adenosine - 6mg then 12mg then 18mg escalating if unsuccessful
if still uncontrolled cardioversion

note adenoids contraindicated in asthmatics

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6
Q

what is the most common cause of mitral stenosis

A

rheumatic fever

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7
Q

what ECG abnoramlity can hypokalaemia cause?

A

broad complex ventricular tachycardia

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8
Q

management of an unstable tachyarrhythmia

A

DC cardioversion if systolic BP <90mmHg

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9
Q

acute HF treatment

A

oral then IV furosemide
if not responding then CPAP

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10
Q

reversible causes of cardiac arrest

A

Hypothermia
Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypokalaemia/hyperkalaemia/hypoglycaemia

Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Toxins
Thrombosis

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11
Q

CHADSVASC

A

CHF
Hypertension
Age (1 for >65, 2 for> 75)
Diabetes
Stroke/TIA/thromboembolism (2)
Vascular disease
Sex (1 for female)

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12
Q

treatment of pericarditis

A

NSAIDs
aspirin

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13
Q

cardiac tamponade signs

A

becks triad
raised JVP
low BP
muffled heart sounds

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14
Q

What precipitates digoxin toxicity

A

Hypokalaemia
Other factors; age, renal failure, myocardial ischaemia, other electrolyte abnormalities

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15
Q

Statins
- contraindications
- when to take
- doses

A

Contraindicated in pregnancy and if taking a macro life antibiotic (clarithromycin, erythromycin)
Take in the evening if od
Atorvastatin 20mg for primary prevention
Atorvastatin 80mg for secondary prevention

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16
Q

When is aspirin used in IHD

A

All patients without contraindications

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17
Q

how does bifasicular block appear on ECG

A

RBBB with left axis deviation

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18
Q

how does wolf Parkinson white appear on ECG

A

re-entry tachycardia caused by the presence of an accessory pathway- commonly presents supraventricular tachycardia.
ECG changes include a short PR interval along with wide QRS complexes with a slurred upstroke (delta wave)

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19
Q

Hypertrophic Obstructive CardioMyopathy

A

an inherited cardiac condition which is a cause of sudden death in young people

symptoms if present:
exertional dyspnoea
angina
syncope

signs:
ejection systolic murmur
S4 heart sound
LVH on ECG

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20
Q

coarctation of the aorta + features

Study These Flashcards
A

congenital narrowing of the descending aorta

infancy: heart failure
adult: hypertension
radio-femoral delay
mid systolic murmur, maximal over back
apical click from the aortic valve
notching of the inferior border of the ribs

21
Q

associated conditions of coarctation of the aorta

Study These Flashcards
A

Turner’s syndrome
bicuspid aortic valve
berry aneurysms
neurofibromatosis

22
Q

what valve does infective endocarditis most likely affect

Study These Flashcards
A

tricuspid valve

23
Q

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Study These Flashcards
A

inherited CVD that may present with syncope or sudden cardiac death

second most common after HOCM

causes T wave inversion v1-v3

24
Q

what is the main cause of mitral stenosis

Study These Flashcards
A

rheumatic fever

25
mitral stenosis symptoms
dyspnoea haemoptysis mid late diastolic murmur malar flush AF secondary to increased left atrial pressure
26
adrenaline in ALS
adrenaline 1 mg as soon as possible for non-shockable rhythms during a VF/VT cardiac arrest, adrenaline 1 mg is given once chest compressions have restarted after the third shock repeat adrenaline 1mg every 3-5 minutes whilst ALS continues
27
amiodarone in ALS
amiodarone 300 mg should be given to patients who are in VF/pulseless VT after 3 shocks have been administered a further dose of amiodarone 150 mg should be given to patients who are in VF/pulseless VT after 5 shocks have been administered
28
tachyarrhythmia; systolic BP<90mmHg
DC cardio version
29
antiplatelet therapy before PCI
dual antiplatelet therapy prior to PCI (aspirin + another) Prasugrel is offered if the patient is not taking an oral anticoagulant, whereas clopidogrel is offered if they are
30
persistent ST elevation with no chest pain after an MI
left ventricular aneurysm
31
statin major drug interaction
erythromycin/clarithromycin - contraindicated together note statins also contraindicated in pregnancy
32
drug treatment of a VT
amiodarone ideally via a central line
33
Kussmaul's sign
JVP rise on inspiration associated with constrictive pericarditis
34
secondary prevention after developing cardiovascular disease
4As Aspirin Atorvastatin Atenolol or other beta-blocker ACEi
35
PCI in STEMI
within 120 minutes symptom onset dual anti-platelet before - aspirin + prasguel/clopidogrel if already anti-coagulated unfractioned heparin during PCI
36
fibrinolysis in STEMI
done if >120 minutes add another anti-thrombin drug
37
NSTEMI management
Aspirin 300mg Fondaparinux if no immediate PCI planned Low risk GRACE score - give ticagrelor High risk GRACE score - offer immediately if unstable, within 24 hours if not give unfractioned heparin + ticagrelor/prasugrel also consider coronary angiography
38
heart failure first line drug management - reduced ejection fraction
ACE inhibitor + beta blocker generally one started at a time
39
2nd line HF treatment
add aldosterone antagonist e.g. spironolactone note ACEi + spironolactone has risk of hyperkalaemia
40
vaccinations HF
one off pneumococcal annual flu
41
treatment torsades de point
IV magnesium sulphate
42
antiplatelets in medically treated ACS
aspirin lifelong and ticagrelor 12 months if aspirin contraindicated, clopidogrel lifelong
43
antiplatelets if PCI was used for ACS
aspirin lifelong + prasurgrel/ticagrelor 12 months if aspirin contraindicated, clopidogrel lifelong
44
antiplatelets TIA / stroke
clopidogrel lifelong 2nd line aspirin +dipyridamole
45
antiplatelets peripheral artery disease
clopidogrel lifelong 2nd line aspirin lifelong
46
management cardiac tamponade
urgent pericardiocentesis
47
atrial septal defect murmur
ejection systolic
48
hypercalcaemia main abnormality on ECG
shortening of QT interval

Clinical Years / Progress Test (24 decks)

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