cardio Flashcards
(20 cards)
hypertension
look at chart
alpha blockers mechanism
block action of sympathetic nervous system by blocking noradrenaline from binding on resistance arteries causing vasodilation and reducing BP
nitrates mechanism
reduce workload and oxygen demand of the heart by inhibiting sympathetic stimulation of heart
meds for angina
nitrates, Beta blocker or CCB for symptomatic relief
secondary meds for angina
statin, antihypertensive, anti-platlete
CCB mechanism for angina
reduce workload and oxygen demand to the heart by reducing Ca2+ entry into the cardiac myocytes via L-type calcium channe
which CCB for angina
rate limiting CCB used like verapamil or diltiazem
with heart failure use amlodipine or felodipine
primary meds for MI
antiplatlete drug, asprin, clopidogrel
secondary for MI
ACE/ARB
Beta blocker to reduce cardiac workload
statin
antiplatelet drugs
AF managment
Control heart rate - beta blocker, CCB
Control heart rhythm - beta blocker
Anticoagualtion for risk of stroke - DOACs
meds for hypercholestrema
ezetimibe
block the absorption of cholesterol from food and bile
bile acid sequestrants
bind to bile acid in small intestine and thus increase release of from the liver and reduce cholesterol
statins
inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis via inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
Aspirin
Anti-platelet drug that inhibits platelet activation
treatment of Atherosclerosis
same as hypercholestrema but add anti-hypertensive
ejection rate for heart failure
Normal 55-70%
Under 40% for HF
treatment for HF
antihypertensive, digoxin
patient at risk of TIA score ABCD2
➢ A - age: 60 years of age or more = 1 point
➢ B - blood pressure at presentation: 140/90 mmHg or greater = 1 point
➢ C - clinical features: unilateral weakness = 2 points; speech disturbance without weakness = 1 point
➢ D - duration of symptoms: 10 - 59 minutes = 1 point; 60 minutes or longer = 2 points
presence of diabetes: 1 point
ABCD2 score ≥ 4 = high risk of stroke
o aspirin (300 mg daily) started immediately
primary meds
immediately 300mg aspirin
thrombolytic agent like alteplase within 4.5hrs , 900 mcg/kg/60 mins
aspirin started within 24hrs 300mg for 2 weeks
MR dipyridamole in combo with aspirin if clopidogrel is not usable
haemorrhagic treatment
blood pressure and reverse anticoagulants
long term treatment of stroke
75 mg/daily of clopidogrel if aspirin not usable
MR dipyridamole - 200mg BD in combo with 75mg daily aspirin
when do you giuve asprina nd MR dipyridamole
a TIA
Ischemic stroke and Clopidogrel is contraindicated/not tolerated
