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PHYSIO-PATHO-IM > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Cushing triad

A

Hypertension
Bradycardia
Respiratory depression

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2
Q

The most common site of coronary artery occlusion

A

Left anterior descending artery

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3
Q

What organ has the Largest share if systemic cardiac output?

A

Liver

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4
Q

What organ has the highest blood flow per gram of tissue?

A

Kidney

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5
Q

Factors determining autoregulation of the heart (3)

A

O2
Adenosine
NO

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6
Q

Factors determining autoregulation of the brain (1)

A

CO2 (pH)

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7
Q

Factors determining autoregulation of the kidneys (2)

A

Myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback

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8
Q

Factors determining autoregulation of the skeletal muscle

A

Lactate
Adenosine
K

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of early cyanosis in infants?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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10
Q

Right-to-Left shunts
Early cyanosis
“Blue babies”

A 
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
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11
Q

Most common congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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12
Q

Left-to-Right shunts
Late cyanosis
“Blue kids”

A

VSD
ASD
PDA

VSD>ASD>PDA

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13
Q

This defect is caused by anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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14
Q

This defect is caused by failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral

A

D-Transposition of Great Vessels

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15
Q

Type of atherosclerosis involving calcification of the MEDIA of arteries, especially RADIAL or ULNAR.
“Pipestem arteries”
Does not cause obstruction, does not involve intima.

A

Monckeberg

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16
Q

Disruption of vasa vasorum of the aorta with consequent dilation of the aorta and valve ring causing “Tree bark” appearance of aorta. Calcification of aortic root and ascending aortic arch

A

Tertiary syphilis

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17
Q

A decrease in amplitude of systolic blood pressure by 10mmHg during inspiration. Seen in severe cardiac tamponade, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, and croup

A

Pulsus paradoxus

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18
Q

Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults

A

Myxomas

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19
Q

Most common primary cardiac tumor in children

A

Rhabdomyomas

Associated with Tuberous Sclerosis

20
Q

Increase in jugular venous pressure on INSPIRATION

A

Kussmaul’s sign

21
Q

Valves affected in Rheumatic fever

A

Mitral > Aortic&raquo_space; tricuspid

22
Q

Valve most frequently involved in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral

Tricuspid from IV drug abusers

23
Q

Organism causing acute bacterial endocarditis

A

Staph aureus (high virulence)

24
Q

Organism causing subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Strep viridans from dental procedures (low virulence)

25
Q

Triad of Wegener granulomatosis

A

Focal necrotizing vasculitis
Necrotizing granulomas in the lung and upper airway
Necrotizing glomerulonephritis

26
Q

Pansystolic murmur

A

VSD

27
Q

Systolic ejection murmur (SEM)

A

ASD

Truncus arteriosus

28
Q

Continuous machine-like murmur

A

PDA

29
Q

Most common cyanotic CHD in first week of life

A

Transposition of great vessels

30
Q

Most common cyanotic heart defect

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

31
Q

CXR “egg on a string”

A

Transposition of great vessels

32
Q

Syndrome involved in Tetralogy of Fallot

A

De George

CATCH-22

33
Q

Surgical intervention for Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Blalock-Taussig Shunt

(Systemic-to-pulmonary) is palliative

34
Q

CXR “Snowman sign”

A

TAPVR

35
Q

Syndrome associated with

Aortic coarctation

A

Turner syndrome

36
Q

CXR
Rib notching
“3 sign”

A

Aortic coarctation

37
Q

Most common acquired valve disease

A

Aortic stenosis

38
Q

High-pitched, early diastolic decresendo murmur “blowing”

A

Aortic regurgitation

39
Q

Mid-SEM that radiates to the neck

A

Aortic stenosis

40
Q

Mitral stenosis is associated with what disease

A

Rheumatic fever

41
Q

Mid-diastolic/presystolic murmur preceded by opening click

A

Mitral stenosis

42
Q

Pansystolic murmur with short diastolic rumbling

A

Mitral regurgitation

43
Q

Most common organism seen in NATIVE VALVE endocarditis

A

STREP VIRIDANS
S. Aureus
Enterococcus

44
Q

Most common organism seen in PROSTHETIC VALVE endocarditis

A

S. epidermidis (early)

S. viridans (late)

45
Q

Most common primary tumor of the heart? Location?

A

Cardiac Myxoma

Left Atrium

PHYSIO-PATHO-IM (7 decks)

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