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PHYSIO-PATHO-IM > Gastro > Flashcards

Gastro Flashcards

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1
Q

Occurs when gastrin is secreted by non-beta-cell tumors of the pancreas

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma)

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2
Q

The only GI hormone that is released in response to fat (fatty acids), protein (amino acids), and carbohydrate (orally administered glucose).

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

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3
Q

GI neurocrines (3)

A

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
GRP (bombesin)
Enkephalins

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4
Q

GI paracrines (2)

A

Somatostatin

Histamine

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5
Q

GI hormones (4)

A

Gastrin
Cholecystokinin
Secretin
GIP

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6
Q

Portal triad

A

Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Common bile duct

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7
Q

The most potent stimuli for gastrin secretion from antrum are (2)

A

Phenylalanine

Tryptophan

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8
Q

A mucosal disease usually involving the rectum, extending proximally to involve all or part of the colon. A type of IBD

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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9
Q

Microscopic feature of ulcerative colitis, characterized as villous atrophy and crypt regeneration with increased inflammation

A

Backwash ileus

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10
Q

IBD for at least 3 months

A

Ulcerative colitis

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11
Q

Diarrhea (nocturnal or postprandial)
Rectal bleeding
Tenesmus
Crampy abdominal pain

A

Ulcerative colitis

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12
Q

Abdominal exam shows direct tenderness on palpation over colon, hepatic tympany with megacolon, signs of peritonitis

A

Ulcerative colitis

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13
Q

UC: mild, moderate, severe:

No ulcerations

A

Moderate

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14
Q

UC: mild, moderate, severe:
Febrile
Tachypnic
Tachycardic

A

Severe

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15
Q

UC: mild, moderate, severe:

With ulcerations

A

Severe

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16
Q

UC: mild, moderate, severe:

Bowel movement

A

Mild

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17
Q

UC: mild, moderate, severe:

Bowel movement 4-6 per day

A

Moderate

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18
Q

UC: mild, moderate, severe:

Bowel movement >6 per day

A

Severe

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19
Q

Complications of ulcerative colitis

A

Massive hemorrhage
Toxic megacolon
Perforation
Strictures

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20
Q

Most dangerous complication of ulcerative colitis

A

Perforation

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21
Q

Cobblestone appearance

A

Crohns disease

Amebic colitis

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22
Q

Most common location of urinary stones

A

Ureterovesical junction as it pierces the bladder

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23
Q

UC or Crohn’s:

ANCA positive

A

Ulcerative colotis

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24
Q

UC or Crohn’s:

Responds to antibiotics

A

Crohn’s

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25
UC or Crohn's: | Recurrence after surgery
Crohn's
26
UC or Crohn's: | Fistulas
Crohn's
27
UC or Crohn's: | Gross blood in stool
Ulcerative colitis
28
UC or Crohn's: | "Cobblestoning"
Crohn's
29
UC or Crohn's: | Granuloma on biopsy
Crohn's
30
UC or Crohn's: | Related to vasculitis disease Wegeners disease
Ulcerative colitis
31
Mainstay therapy for ulcerative colitis
Sulfasalazine | 5-ASA agents
32
Diagnostic used, Highly sensitive marker for intestinal inflammation in ulcerative colitis
Fecal Lactoferrin
33
Diagnostic used, | Correlate well with histologic inflammation, predict relapses, and detect pouchitis in ulcerative colitis
Fecal calprotectin
34
Diagnostic used to assess disease severity, extent of ulcerative colitis
Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
35
The earliest histologic change in single-contrast barium enema of ulcerative colitis
Fine mucosal granularity
36
"Collar-Button ulcers"
Ulcerative colitis
37
``` Rectum is spared Skip lesions Aphthous ulcers "Cobblestone appearance" Focal transmural inflammatory process "Creeping fat" ```
Crohn's
38
Pathologic hallmark of Crohn's
Focal transmural inflammatory process
39
"Creeping fat" or "Fat wrapping"
Crohn's
40
Pathognomonic sign of Crohn's
"Creeping fat" | "Fat wrapping"
41
Histological hallmark of Crohn's
NonCaseating granulomas
42
First line diagnostic test for Crohn's
CT Enterography
43
"String sign"
Crohn's
44
DOC for Crohn's
Sulfasalazine
45
Most common cause of acute pancreatitis
Gallstones
46
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
Alcohol
47
Endocrine function if pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
48
Exocrine function of pancreas
Pancreatic acini
49
Cardinal manifestation of acute pancreatitis
Abdominal pain
50
Collon Cut-off sign
Acute pancreatitis
51
"Chain of Lakes appearance"
Chronic pancreatitis
52
Irreversible loss if exocrine pancreatic parenchyma
Chronic pancreatitis
53
Pain in pancreatitis, constant, intense, referred to upper back and left shoulder, is due to irritation of what nerve
Retroperitoneal nerve
54
Enzyme that increases in the first 24hours in pancreatitis
Serum amylase
55
More severe form of pancreatitis
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis
56
Most severe form of pancreatitis
Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
57
RED BLOCK HEMORRHAGE interspersed with foci of yellow white, chalky fat necrosis
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis
58
Extensive parenchymal necrosis accompanied by dramatic hemorrhage within substance of the gland
Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
59
Enzyme that increases within 72-96hours in pancreatitis
Serum lipase
60
Most important triggering event in acute pancreatitis
Inappropriate activation of trypsinogen
61
Ominous complication of acute pancreatitis
ARDS | Acute Renal failure
62
Most common cause of pancreatitis in children
Cystic fibrosis
63
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis in adults
Chronic alcoholism
64
Diagnostic test of chronic pancreatitis with best specificity and sensitivity
Secretin test by hormone stimulation
65
Most common primary tumor of the liver
Hepatocellular carcinoma / Hepatoma
66
Most common malignancy of the liver
Metastasis
67
Chemical carcinogen causing HCC
Aspergillus fungus aflatoxin | Aflatoxin B1
68
Most common cancer death in both sexes
Lung cancer
69
Most common cancer in females
BREAST Colon Lung Cervix
70
Most common cancer in males
LUNG Prostate Colon
71
Vinyl chloride
Angiosarcoma
72
Asbestos
Mesothelioma
73
Heroin
Focal Segmental GN
74
Aflatoxin
HCC / Hepatoma
75
Oncogene causing HCC
KRAS | p53
76
Most common sign of HCC
Hepatomegaly
77
Hepatic VEIN Thrombosis | POST-sinusoid obstruction
Budd-Chiari syndrome
78
PRE-sinusoidal obstruction
Schistosomiasis
79
Organism associated with Cholangipcarcinoma
Chlonorchis sinensis
80
Mucin-producing adenocarcinoma NOT ASSOCIATED with Hepa B or Cirrhosis
Cholangiocarcinoma
81
Most common liver CA in children
Hepatoblastoma
82
Hepatoma serologic assays
Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Des-y-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) induced by protein induced vitamin K absence (PIVKA-2)
83
Criteria for HCC
Child-Turcotte-Pugh score Class A 5-6 Class B 7-9 Class C 10-15 (75-80% mortality)
84
Stigmata of liver cirrhosis
Palmar erythema Spider angiomata Gynecomastia
85
Complications of cirrhosis
Portal HTN Hepatorenal syndrome Hepatic encephalitis
86
Metabolite that kills the liver cells in alcoholic cirrhosis
Acetaldehyde
87
Acetaldehyde is metabolized to acetate by
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)
88
Hallmark of alcoholic cirrhosis
Activation of STELLATE CELLS or KUPFER CELLS
89
Alcoholic cirrhosis, macro or micro nodular?
Micronodular
90
"Blind man's disease"
Alcoholic cirrhosis
91
Cornerstone of therapy for alcoholic cirrhosis
Abstinence
92
Drug that reduces craving for alcohol
Acamprosate calcium
93
Tx for cirrhosis due to chronic viral hepatitis B
Antiviral therapy | LAMIVUDINE
94
Tx for cirrhosis due to chronic viral hepatitis C
Pegylated interferon RIBAVIRIN Ae: decreased platelet and WBC
95
Most common symptom of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Pruritus
96
Antibodies in Primary biliary cirrhosis
AMA | Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies (90%)
97
Tx for decompensated cirrhosis due to primary buliary cirrhosis
Liver transplant
98
Improves both biochemical and histologic features of primary biliary cirrhosis
UDCA
99
When to do liver biopsy
Liver biopsy is withheld until abstinencw has been maintained for at least 6 months

PHYSIO-PATHO-IM (7 decks)

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