Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro > Cardio 4 > Flashcards

Cardio 4 Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Troponin to go up when there is an MI? Is that the only time that Troponin will go up? If not, then when else?

A

Yes,
No,
Anytime that there is heart damage, surgery, stenting, even defibrillation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Troponin levels that are not significant, are grayish,a nd indicate an MI.

A
  • < 0.04 not significant
  • 0.04 - 0.20 grey area
  • > 0.20 possible/positive

So there really is only two numbers here, .04 and .2, so know that below 0.04 is nothing, in between 0.04-0.2 is grayish, and above 0.2 is where the trouble is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RHABDOMYOLYSIS•

Will cause very high CPK values when …

A

– Overexertion

– Heat Stroke

– FALLS

– Side Effect From Statins (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Total cholestrol is supposed below?

A

Less than 200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ldls are supposed to be less than

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ldls above ______ is at risk for CAD

A

130

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hdlS below _____ is at risk for CAD

A

40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HDLs above ________ is good

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Triglycerides above _______ is at risk for aboloc syndrome

A

150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal triglyceride levels are?

A

Below 150

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cholestral ratio is

A

Total chol/HDL,

If 
total chol = 200 and 
HDL = 50 
Ratio would be 
200/50 or 4:1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

AHA recommends ratio < 5:1, with the idealbeing close to 3.5:1

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

New recommendation: consider risk profile

(computed by a risk assessment calculator) not just lipidpanel

A

Previously emphasis was placed heavily on

cholesterol values esp LDL # in deciding whoshould take statins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Statins Now Recommended For:

A

People 40 to 75 years old,
without CVD,
with a ≥ 7.5percent risk (computed by a risk calculating tool) for stroke or MI W/I
10 years

• Anyone with a history of a cardiovascular event (MI,
stroke, stable or unstable angina, PAD, TIA, or post any revascularization
procedure)

• People 21 and older who have a very high LDL level
(190 mg/dL or higher)

• People 40 to 75 years old with Type 1 or Type 2
diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CBC names and ranges.

A

Wbc 5-10
Hgb10-20
Hct 40-50
Plt 50 is too low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hgb is supposed to be what and if below what you hold exercise?

A

10-20 and below 8.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hct is supposed to be what and if below what is bad?

A

40-50, and below 25 is bad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

WBC is supposed to be what and if it is too much waht does it indicate.

A

5-10, infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fish bone is what?

A

Look at a fish,

Do you add salt, Na+, cl-,
Do you eat it on a BUN
Is it sweet, GLUCOSE, at its tail
cr eat I nine, I eat nine fish
Have some buffer HCO3-
And
Its oK+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If the fasting blood glucose is above what and how many tines so will it indicate a problem?

A

126mg/dl twice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Casual blood glucose of 200mg/dl indicates what?

A

Hyoerglycmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If the electrolytes are altered what can change?

A

Mental status and heart rhythms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What at the fish bone indicates either heart or kidney dysfunction?

A

Increased BUN, blood urea nitrogen.

Just think of urea, that it is what the kindneys make, so if it is at the blood, bad news.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Creatinine more than how much indicates renal failure?

A

> 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Two things that indicate renal failure...
BUN and creatinine.
25
Below what and above what for glucose levels is exercise contraindicated?
<75 >300 Above three hundred because it shows that the body is breaking down the fats for energy and it will just get more. And below 75 because it is just too low.
26
HbA1c (glycolated hemoglobin)
average amount of sugar in blood over 3 months
27
Normal HbA1C
(between 4 and 5.6, > 5.6 can lead to dx of DM)
28
Pts who have known DM should try to keep HbA1c
< 7
29
ABG shows what?
(pH / CO2 / PO2 / HCO3 / O2 Sat) ``` All the things that you want to know. Acidity Oxygen/carbon dioxide Buffers And oxygen sat ```
30
PT
prothrombin time
31
PT prothrombin time nl
11.3 – 13.7 (coumadin)
32
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
33
PTT partial thromboplastin time
25-35 (heparin)
34
D-Dimer: mostly a R/O test
DVT
35
– ≤ 250 ng/mL D-Dimer Units (DDU) | – ≤ 0.5 mcg/mL Fibrinogen Equivalent Units (FEU)
= 95% likelihood there is no thrombus
36
• INR – international normalization ratio• the higher the #,
the thinner the blood Like gauges, the higher the thinner the wire.
37
What happens if the INR is too high?
Hemorraghe
38
Nl for INR
0.8-1.2
39
INR for therapeutic
2.5
40
What is high INR?
3
41
At INR is too high to even get out of bed OOB
5
42
0.8-1.2 2.5 3 5
Normal value Therapuetic range High No OOB For the INRs
43
CRP – C Reactive Protein indicates what?
Blood test gives | non-specific evidence of inflammation, acts as “marker”
44
Crp is a blood marker that would indicate what?
Infection, illness, or a serious flare-up of arthritis, can all raise CRP levels
45
Is CRP correlated with heart disease?
Yes
46
What are the values that are correlated with heart disease for CRP?
* < 1.0 mg/L = low risk | * > 3.0 mg/L = high risk
47
Noninvasive Testing
``` • Pulse Ox • EKG • Stress Test • Echo • TEE Transesophageal echocardiogram • MRI • PET, CT, SPECT, MUGA -Tilt Table ```
48
Stress Test
• A + stress test indicates that pt became | symptomatic or had EKG changes at less than their predicted max heart rate
49
220-age=max heart rate
.
50
Tilt table treats
Orthostatic hypotension
51
Invasive Testing/Treatment
* Left Cardiac Cath * Right Cardiac Cath * EPS (electrophysiology study) If there exists more in the world, surely they do, but these are the ones that we are responsible for. Right and Left cardiac catneter and electrophysiology study.
52
Left cardiac catheter is:
Goes and studies the left ventricles and the coronary arteries. So it need a mojor artery to come back tto the aorta, it will make use of the femoral artery.
53
R Cardiac Cath looks for
Obtain pulm art Pulm wedge Pressures, | Used as Dx for Pulm HTN
54
Another name for the right cardiac catheter
Swan ganz, Its yellow and its in the heart, so no pulling.
55
EPS
Find ectopic sites ABLATE them RFA = radio frequency ablation Freezing = Cryoablation
56
PTCA stands for
PercutaneousTransluminal Coronary | angioplasty
57
PTCA Balloon can be used for:
Angiography = Looking Angioplasty = Intervening They stick in a balloon, and they either do something to the athrosclerotic plaque, if they see it, or they just take a look around to see if they need to intervene.
58
PCI Stent
Similar to the PTCA in the sense that they both can address plaques, but here by the PCI they don't just inflate the balloon and then allow the vessel to return back to the original occlusion but they leave in a stent to physicaly keep this vessel opened.
59
Stents are permanent?
Yes
60
PCI Brachytherapy is?
Radiation Seeds Implanted In stent
61
PCI Cutting Balloon
Is like another PCI but here we can cut away the plaque. Arthrectomy I wonder how careful one needs to be in order to avoid embolus formation?
62
Open ♥ sx has the incision from where to where?
Supraernal notch to the ziphoid process
63
After the incision of the open heart sx what oeeps the chest cavity open?
Sternal retractors
64
Wires are used to close the _________ after the open heart surgery.
The sternum
65
Chest tubesa re inserted where and where?
Interpleural and intermediastinal.
66
After open heart surgery, now that e chest has been broken into and rewired shut, are there any sternal precautions?
Yes.
67
What are these sternal precautions that are sto be observed after the open heart surgery?
* ≈ SIX WEEKS * Ø heavy lifting > 10 lbs * Ø pushing or pulling with force * Ø driving or sitting in front seat of car * Ø raising both arms overhead, or bringing them to the back simultaneously • (Pt is cleared for ↑ activity by cardiac surgeon at a follow-up visit)
68
CDI is:
``` Clean Dry And Intact Incision wounds ```
69
What are two most common vlaces that require replacement?
Mitral, left av valve, and tricuspid, right av valve. Maybe because they need to be able to withstand rhe pressure of the ventricles to not open up and regurgitate the blood, by the pulmonic and aorta, they open at the systolic and they close at the diastolic, which is lower pressure than at systolic, but the mv and tv they need to stay put at the systolic.
70
(s/p valve Pts are placed on blood thinners)What will happen to the INR?
Will go up Will become thinner More than 3 is elevated and More than 5 is no OOB
71
Myectomy
They shave the heart muscle to change back the remodeling.
72
CEA
They remove the athrosclerosis from the carotid arteries
73
What sound wound one hear in the carotid artery if it is occluded?
A bruit, like a coffee brewer that it sends liquids through a tight area and there will be lots of turbulence.
74
AAA requires surgery at what size
More than 5 cm
75
Fem Pop Bypass
Similar to a cabg, but here it is FPBG. And who can name that machine that made rain into food from "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs"?
76
PPM
Permanent pace maker Placed over the pec ort he axillary
77
PPM precautions
* no heavy lifting or stretching 7-10 d, similar to Sternal precautions. * Do no lift arm on PPM side > 90° until clearedby MD * Check incision for signs of infection daily. Normal incisional check ups. NO MRI
78
AICD
Automatic, imp,antable, cardioverter, defibrillator.
79
AICD precautions
• no heavy lifting or stretching 7-10 d • Do not lift arm on PPM side > 90° until cleared by MD • Check incision for signs of infection daily. NO MRI • PLUS: Call doctor if device discharges –Avoid contact sports –No driving for 3 mos Similar to the PPM but if it goes off then a doctor needs to be contacted, also no driving for 3 minths, or sports.
80
Cardioversion
What you see on ER or Any other knock off ED drama show, clear, fmump, give me 8 ccs, good job! • Synchronized shock is administered to theheart via electrode pads to correct an arrhythmia
81
LVAD
Left ventricular assistive device Like a bypass oft he left ventricle to the aorta, if the LV is too weak to be able to kee p and do the job. Look up the cow without the pulse.
82
``` • Some patients undergo REVERSE REMODELING after LVAD is implanted • In some cases pt’s heart recovers enough that LVAD is explanted and patient no longer requires transplant • Research is ongoing in this area • Molecular Changes After Left Ventricular Assist Device Support for HeartFailure, Emma J. Birks, Circulation Research [Circ Res] 2013 Aug 30; Vol. 113 (6), pp. 777-91 ```
.
83
Heart Transplant
* Cardiac Transplant: last resort * heterologous: from non-human primate * homologous: from human donor * PERFORMED AT SPECIALIZED CENTERS
84
With heart transplants, they are on lifelong immunosuppressant drugs. They will have diminshed sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations. This relying more on the blood circulatng catecholamines.
.

Neuro (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions