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Lottie's Question Books > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Cannon A waves in JVP and broad QRS on ECG. Dx?

A

Sustained V tach

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2
Q

What is Tx for sustained V tach?

A

Cardioversion

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3
Q

Irregular QRS, long QT. Dx?

A

Torsades de Pointes

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4
Q

5+ consectutive beats in 30s. Dx?

A

Non sustained V tach

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5
Q

Which 2 rhytms are shockable?

A

Sustained V tach

V fib

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6
Q

What is the first step in MI Tx?

A

GTN or morphine

300mg aspirin in ambulance

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7
Q

L sternal edge, 2nd ICS. Inspiration loudest. Murmur?

A

Graham Steele

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8
Q

Constant machine murmur. Dx?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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9
Q

Low pitch, mid diastolic rumble at apex. Dx?

A

Austin flint murmur (aortic regurg)

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10
Q

Midsystolic click and late systolic murmur. Dx?

A

Barlow syndrome (mitral valve prolapse)

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11
Q

Inverted t waves and ST depression. Dx?

A

Ischaemic change

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12
Q

ST elevation, Q waves, raised troponin. Dx?

A

Infarct

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13
Q

What is the Tx for AF with unstable angina?

A

Warfarin, anti HTN, beta blocker and statin

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14
Q

What is the first sign O/E of aortic stenosis?

A

Bibasal creps

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15
Q

ST elevation in V1-4. Artery and MI type?

A

Left Anterior Descending –> Anterioseptal MI

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16
Q

ST elevation in V5-6. Artery and MI type?

A

Left circumflex artery –> Lateral MI

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17
Q

ST elevation in V1-6. Artery and MI type?

A

Left coronary artery –> Anterolateral

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18
Q

ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF. Artery and MI type?

A

Right coronary artery –> Inferior

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19
Q

Name the 5 wave forms of JVP

A

A, C, X descent, V, Y descent

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20
Q

What does A wave in JVP represent?

A

Atrial systole

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21
Q

What does C wave in JVP represent?

A

Closure of tricuspid valve

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22
Q

What does X descent in JVP represent?

A

Fall in atrial pressure in systole

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23
Q

What does V wave in JVP represent?

A

Atrium filling against closed tricuspid

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24
Q

What does Y descent in JVP represent?

A

Opening of tricuspid

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25
Absent A waves in JVP. Dx?
Atrial fib
26
Raised JVP with normal waveform. Dx?
R heart failure / fluid overload
27
Large v waves in JVP. Dx?
Tricuspid regurgitation
28
Cannon A waves in JVP. Dx?
Complete heart block | Ventricular arrhythmias
29
Large A waves in JVP. Dx?
Pulmonary HTN | Pulmonary stenosis
30
List CXR features of heart failure
``` Alveolar oedema Kerly B Lines Cardiomegaly Upper lobe diversion Pleural effusions ```
31
What is the normal range of PR interval?
0.12 - 0.2s
32
What causes long PR?
First degree heart block
33
How long is PR in 1st DHB?
>0.2s
34
What causes short PR?
Wolff Parkinson White
35
List clinical features of mitral stenosis
Malar flush AF Tapping apex beat RV heave (2nd to Pulm HTN)
36
What is the mitral stenosis murmur?
Mid diastolic murmur (opening snap)
37
Syncope. Dyspnoea. Angina. Dx?
Aortic stenosis
38
What is the best drug to rapidly lower BP?
Sodium nitroprusside
39
What is phentolamine used for?
Phaeo causing HTN crisis
40
HTN. Radio-femoral delay. Mid systolic murmur at aortic area, radiating to back. Dx?
Coarctation of aorta
41
What 3 heart/lung problems are ventricular septal defects associated with?
Pulmonary HTN, Heart failure, shunt reversal
42
What heart problem are small ventricular septal defects associated with?
Endocarditis
43
What is the Ix of choice for ?PCKD ?
Urinary tract USS
44
What disease inheritance is PCKD?
Autosomal dominant
45
What is immediate Mx for ?ACS ?
IV LMWH | Beta blocker
46
No DVT risk factors. 3rd PE in 1 year. Initial Mx? Why?
Thrombophilia screen - suggests a thrombophilic trait
47
Thrombophilic trait. Mx?
Warfarin
48
Mid-diastolic murmur with opening snap. No other Sx. Dx?
Mitral stenosis
49
Ix for mitral stenosis?
Echo
50
Sudden severe chest pain after lifting heavy boxes. Radiates to shoulder blade. Dx?
Aortic dissection
51
What is Mx of aortic dissection?
Beta blockers | Surgery
52
Wide pulse pressure with collapsing pulse. Decrescendo diastolic murmur. Dx?
Aortic regurgitation
53
What is Mx of SVT?
IV adenosine
54
6 months of frequent chest pain in morning/night. No pain on exertion. Sinus rhythm, normal troponin, ST elevation in anterior leads. Dx?
Variant angina aka Prinzmetal's angina
55
What is Mx for Prinzmetal's angina?
Nitrates and CCB
56
19 y/o man. SoB on exertion +/- chest pain. Mid-systolic murmur on L sternal edge. L axis deviation on ECG. FH sudden death <50. Dx?
HOCM
57
What is Mx of HOCM?
Beta blockers
58
What is initial Ix of phaeo once high BP confirmed?
Urinary metanephrines over several 24hrs periods
59
What is Kussmaul's sign?
Increased jugular distention on inspiration
60
What sign is consistent w constrictive pericarditis?
Kussmauls sign | Reduced heart sounds
61
Nausea, anorexia, yellow rings around lights. PMH heart failure. Dx?
Digoxin side effects
62
What drugs are given as part of post MI Mx?
Beta blocker Aspirin Statin ACEi
63
How do you definitively diagnose infective endocarditis?
Blood culture
64
What causes bacterial infective endocarditis?
Strep viridans
65
What happens to prolapsed mitral valve in systole?
Flaps are pushed back into L atrium
66
What Tx is used for paroxysmal AF?
Flecanide
67
Patient has persistent HTN despite being on all the available medications. Next step?
Arrange for medication to be given under direct supervision

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