Cardio Devo

Question 1

What are the precursor cells for the cardio system?

Answer 1

angioblasts or hmangioblasts; mesenchyme cells within extraembronic and intraembryonic mesoderm

Question 2

What is a blood island?

Answer 2

aggregates of angioblasts, where they differntiate into endothelial and hemoatopietic stem cells

Question 3

When are blood islands first observed?

Answer 3

day 17-18 in wall of yolk sac

Question 4

What is the primary heart derived ffrom?

Answer 4

splanchnic mesoderm, u shaped found cardiogenic cresecent aka primary heart field

Question 5

Cells from cardiogenic crest migrate into space between foregut endoderm and cardiogenic crest form what?

Answer 5

endothelial plexusq

Question 6

Remodeling of endothelial plexus results in what?

Answer 6

inner tube with endothelium

Question 7

What is the primitive heart tumbe?

Answer 7

initial linear heart tube; that is the primitve left ventricle

Question 8

What is the secondary heart field?

Answer 8

an additional source of cardiac progenitor cells that contribute to the bulbus cordis(primitve right ventricle) outflow region and the primordial atrium the atrioventricular canl and the sinus venosus

Question 9

What is cardiac endothelium?

Answer 9

the epithelium lining of the lumen of the heart

Question 10

What is the mycoardium in simple tubular heart?

Answer 10

the outer epithelial tube

Question 11

What is cardiac jelly?

Answer 11

between endocardium and myocardium; in AVcanal and outflow region.

Question 12

What are the swellings in teh cardiac jelly?

Answer 12

endocardial cushions; either bulbar or conotruncal ridges

Question 13

What ist he epicardium?

Answer 13

derived from proepicardial organ a cluster of coelomic epithelial cells adjacent to sinus venosus

underlying visceral pericardium; also contribute to formation of coronary vessels

Question 14

Venous inflwo at the venous pole results in what?

Answer 14

several venous channels enter the sinus venosus of the primitive heart; umbilical veins contain placental blood
vitelline veins
common cardinal veins

Question 15

What do vitelline veins do

Answer 15

contain oxygen poor blood from gut

Question 16

What do common cardinal veins do?

Answer 16

contain oxygen poor blood from head and trunk

Question 17

Which direction does the heart loop to?

Answer 17

the heart almost always loops to the right

Question 18

A lack of proper looping results in what?

Answer 18

failure of complete looping results in retention of embryonic pattern of blood flow through the heart; double inlet left ventricle and double outlet right ventricle

Question 19

What days does blood flow occur?

Answer 19

begins at day 20-22 and by day 26 becomes unidirectional

Question 20

What forms the definitve right atrium?

Answer 20

primordial right atriuma dn portions of the sinus venosus

Question 21

What does the proximal portion of the right anterior cardinal vein become?

Answer 21

superior vena cava

Question 22

What becomes the terminal segment of the inferior vena cava?

Answer 22

cranial portion of the right vitelline vein

Question 23

What is hte ridge of tissue to form the junction between smootha nd trabeculate portions of definitvie right atrium?

Answer 23

crista terminalis

Question 24

What is teh coronary sinus derived from?

Answer 24

left sinus venosus

Question 25

What is derived from teh right sinus valve?

Answer 25

crista terminalis valve of the IVC valve of CS

Question 26

What is the smooth area of right atrium derived from?

Answer 26

absorbed right SV

Question 27

What is the Inferior vena cava (terminal segment) derived form?

Answer 27

right vitelline vein

Question 28

What is the superior vena cava derived from?

Answer 28

right common cardinal vein

Question 29

What is the appendage (trabeculate poriton derived from?

Answer 29

primordial atrium

Question 30

What is teh wall of the definitve left atrium foremd from

Answer 30

absored pulmonary veins

Question 31

Why cant teh simple AV canal be simmply divided in development?

Answer 31

there is no connection between the right atrium and right ventricle with the simple av canal

Question 32

How is the connection between the right atriuma and right ventricle made?

Answer 32

remodeling changes along inner curvature of heart, endocardial tissue is replace with cardiac muscle, thinning the heart wall and causing right ward expansion of the common av canal

Question 33

What are bulbar ridges?

Answer 33

expansion of cardiac jelly, populated with cardiac mesenchyme

Question 34

Fusion of thesuperior and inferior endocardial cushions from what?

Answer 34

septum intermedium

Question 35

What does the cardiac mesenchye in hte mature hearrt?

Answer 35

valve leaflets, as well as chordae tenidnae and cardiac skeleton

Question 36

At what time does cardiac muscle form the IVS?

Answer 36

24-26

Question 37

When does the membranous portion of IVS come from?

Answer 37

from cushion tissue of bulbar ridges adn inferior endocardial cushion

Question 38

What intraventicular communication is never closed?

Answer 38

primary interventricular ccommunication; becomes aortic vestibule

Question 39

What are the specilalized requirements of the interartrial septum?/

Answer 39

must seperate two atria must allow right to left shunting during fetal life must provide for only one way shunting

Question 40

What days does septation of common primordial atrium occur?

Answer 40

26-28

Question 41

What are the inferior or leading edge of PAS coated with?

Answer 41

mesenchyme cap;

Question 42

What is the superior interarterila fold?

Answer 42

interartrial muscular ridge on roof of common atrium to right of PAS- forms septum to form oval foramen

Question 43

What prevents left to right flow of blood in atria of fetus?

Answer 43

septum primum

Question 44

What forms teh inlet of right and left ventricles?

Answer 44

AV canal

Question 45

What forms the apical trabeculated portions of ventricles?

Answer 45

primitve ventricules

Question 46

What forms the outlets of the right and left ventricles(smooth portion?

Answer 46

proximal outflow region

Question 47

What forms pulmonary and aortic valves and part of the roots of these trunks?

Answer 47

distal outflow region

Question 48

What forms parts of pumlonary and aortic roots?

Answer 48

aortic sac

Question 49

What seperates teh outflow region into two sets of channels?

Answer 49

conotruncal septum; formed by opposing riges within each poriton--bulbar ridges

Question 50

At what week is heart completel divided?

Answer 50

7th-8th week

Question 51

What heart defects create a left to right shunt?

Answer 51

ventricular septal defect atrial septal defect patent ductus arteriousus

Question 52

What are the blue baby, "cyanotic" congenital defects?

Answer 52

Tetralogy of Fallot Transposition of Great Vessels Truncus Arteriousus Pulmonary Stenosis/Atresia

Question 53

What congenital defects cause left heart obstrution?

Answer 53

occur from obstruction of blood flow out of the left ventricle or into them.

Question 54

What is teh msot common major congenital heart defect?

Answer 54

ventricular septal defect

Question 55

Where are 90% of ventricular septal defects?

Answer 55

perimembranous