cardio drugs Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
ACEi EX
A
ramipril / lisinopril
2
Q
ACEi IN
A
HTN
HF
MI 2nd prevention
3
Q
ACEi MA
A
inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
(reduces sodium + water retention / arterial + venous dilation)
4
Q
ACEi CC
A
afro-caribbeans
lowers glucose in diabetes
NO in pregnancy
5
Q
ACEi SA
A
persistent dry cough
renal dys
angioedema
6
Q
amiodarone IN
A
arrhythmias
(AFib / flutter
VFib / pulseless VTACH)
7
Q
amiodarone MA
A
(CLASS 3) block K+ channels -> increase refrac period
(slows HR + AV conductions, prolongs QT)
8
Q
amiodarone CC
A
heart block, brady, thyroid dys, hypokalaemia NO
avoid IV in cardiomyopathy, HF, sever resp failure
9
Q
amiodarone SA
A
hypokalaemia
corneal microdeposits
hepatic disorders
hyperthyroidism
resp disorders
skin reactions (phototoxic)
10
Q
atropine IN
A
bradycardia
11
Q
atropine MA
A
inhibits M3 receptors -> anticholinergic effects
12
Q
atropine CC
A
GI obstruction
acute MI
arrhythmias
tachycardia
HF
CAD
HTN
hyperthyroidism
13
Q
atropine SA
A
dry mouth
dizziness
blurred vision
nausea
14
Q
aspirin IN
A
antiplatelet agent
ACS
ischaemic stroke
thromboprophylaxis in CVD risk
15
Q
aspirin MA
A
COX inhibitor
inhibits TXA2 synth (aggregates platelets) + prostaglandin production (activation)
16
Q
aspirin CC
A
active peptic ulceration
bleeding disorders
17
Q
aspirin SA
A
GI bleeding + ulceration
18
Q
ARBs EX
A
losartan / valsartan
19
Q
ARBs IN
A
HTN
post MI
HF
20
Q
ARBs MA
A
inhibits binding of angiotensin-ll
(vasodilation + aldosterone blockage)
21
Q
ARBs CC
A
pregnancy / planning to be
22
Q
ARBs SA
A
dizziness
hyperkalaemia
localised angioedema
23
Q
a blockers EX
A
doxazosin
24
Q
a blockers IN
A
resistant HTN
25
a blockers MA
block a adrenoreceptors
(vasodilation)
26
a blockers CC
history of postural hypotension
27
a blockers SA
dizziness
hyperkalaemia
localised angioedema
28
B blockers EX
cardioselective -
atenolol / bisoprolol
non-selective -
propranolol / carvedilol
29
B blockers IN
cadioselective -
angina
ACS
HTN
HF
non-selective -
hyperthyroidism
migraine
30
B blockers MA
(CLASS 2) competitive inhibition of B1 / B2 adrenoreceptors
(lowers HR and BP)
31
B blockers CC
'brittle' asthma
worsen HF in short term
32
B blockers SA
tiredness
cold peripheries
33
CCBs EX
dihydropyridines -
amlodipine
rate limiting CCBs -
verapamil / diltiazem
34
CCBs IN
dihydropyridines -
HTN
angina
rate limiting CCBs -
HTN
angina
SVT (slows HR)
35
CCBs MA
(CLASS 4) block calcium channels
36
CCBs CC
on B blockers
37
CCBs SA
dizziness
flushing
headache
nausea
ankle oedema (dihydropyridines)
38
clopidogrel IN
thromboprophylaxis (aspirin intolerance)
ACS (+ aspirin)
39
clopidogrel MA
inhibits P2Y12 receptors (platelet aggregation)
40
clopidogrel CC
risk of bleeding
41
clopidogel SA
GI bleeding + ulceration
42
digoxin IN
HF
arrhythmias
HTN
43
digoxin MA
inhibits Na-K-ATPase pump -> increase in intracellular Ca2+
(decreases AVN conduction)
44
digoxin CC
narrow therapeutic index!
too much = AV delay -> brady / AVB
increases vent irritability = vent arrhythmias
overdose = toxicity (N+V, headache, yellow vision)
45
digoxin SA
AVB
arrhythmias
N+V
diarrhoea
colour vision disturbances
46
diuretics EX
thiazide -
bendrofluazide
loop -
furosemide
47
diuretics IN
thiazide -
HTN
loop -
HF
48
diuretics MA
block Na+ reabsorption in kidneys
49
diuretics CC
renal dys
50
diuretics SA
hypokalaemia = tiredness, arrhythmias
hyperglycaemia = diabetes, increase in uric acid -> gout, impotence in men
51
DOAC EX
dabigatran / rivaroxaban
52
DOAC IN
venous thrombosis prevention (hip / knee replacements)
DVT or PE
53
DOAC MA
directly inhibit thrombin (dabigatran) or factor Xa (rivaroxaban)
54
DOAC CC
bleeding risk
55
DOAC SA
bleeding (less than other meds)
56
fibrates EX
bezafibrate
57
fibrates IN
hypertriglyceridemia
58
fibrates MA
agonist of nuclear receptor -> enhances gene transcription
(increased clearance of LDLs)
59
fibrates CC
alcoholics
60
fibrates SA
may cause myositis
61
heparin IN
DVT or PE
unstable angina
62
heparin MA
neutralises active clotting factors (serine proteases)
increases affinity for angiotensin-lll
63
heparin CC
hepatic / renal impairment
64
heparin SA
haemorrhage
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hyperkalaemia
65
ivabradine IN
angina
HF
66
ivabradine MA
If channel modulator
(only slows HR in SR)
67
ivabradine CC
decompensation HF
low BP
conduction abnormalities
68
ivabradine SA
visual disturbances
69
mineralocorticoid antagonists EX
spironolactone / eplerenone
70
mineralocorticoid antagonists IN
resistant HTN
HF
71
mineralocorticoid antagonists MA
block aldosterone receptors
72
mineralocorticoid antagonists CC
moderate / severe renal dys
73
mineralocorticoid antagonists SA
gynaecomastia
hyperkalaemia
renal impairment
74
ARNi / neprilysin inhibitors EX
sacubitril + valsartan
75
ARNi / neprilysin inhibitors IN
HF
76
ARNi / neprilysin inhibitors MA
stops neprilysin from binding down NPs
(vasodilation + decreases sympathetic tone)
77
ARNi / neprilysin inhibitors CC
NOT alongside ACEi / ARBs
78
ARNi / neprilysin inhibitors SA
hypotension
renal impairment
hyperkalaemia
angioneurotic oedema
79
nicorandil IN
angina
80
nicorandil MA
ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator
81
nicorandil CC
acute pulmonary oedema
hypovolaemia
LV dys
severe hypotension
shock
82
nicorandil SA
headache
mouth / GI ulcers
83
nitrates EX
isosorbide mononitrate
84
nitrates IN
angina (GTN)
acute HF
85
nitrates MA
relax all types of SM via metabolism to NO
86
nitrates CC
can develop a tolerance
87
nitrates SA
headache
hypotension
88
PCSK9 inhibitors EX
alirocumab / evolocumab
89
PCSK9 inhibitors IN
familial hypercholesterolaemia
90
PCSK9 inhibitors MA
inhibits binding of PCSK9 to LDL receptors
(increases clearance of LDLs)
91
PCSK9 inhibitors SA
flu-like symptoms
myalgia
92
ranolazine IN
refractory angina
93
ranolazine MA
late sodium channel modulator (decreases Ca2+ load on heart)
94
ranolazine CC
moderate / severe hepatic impairment
caution - weight <60kg, elderly, moderate / severe HF, QT prolongation, mild renal / hepatic impairment
95
ranolazine SA
asthenia
constipation
headache
vomiting
96
statins EX
simvastatin / atorvastatin
97
statins IN
hypercholesterolaemia
diabetes
angina
98
statins MA
inhibit HMG-CoA reductase -> RDS in cholesterol synth
(increased clearance of LDLs)
99
statins CC
elderly
alcoholics
Hx of liver disease
hyperthyroidism
pregnancy
100
statins SA
myopathy
rhabdomyolysis
101
fibrinolytics EX
streptokinase / tPA
102
fibrinolytics IN
ACS (STEMI)
PE
stroke
103
fibrinolytics CC
trauma
bleeding tendencies
peptic ulcer
104
fibrinolytics SA
haemorrhage
105
warfarin IN
DVT
PE
AFib
106
warfarin MA
inhibits vitamin K reductase -> inhibits post-translational y-carboxylation of clotting factors
slow onset
107
warfarin CC
bleeding risk (monitor w/ INR)
reversed by vitamin K
108
warfarin SA
bleeding
109
class 1 arrhythmic MA
block Na+ channels
prolong action potential duration + refractory period
110
(NE) class 1 arrhythmic EX
quinidine / lidocaine
111
class 2 arrhythmic MA
B blockers
decrease rate of depolarisation on SA / AV nodes
112
class 3 arrhythmic MA
block K+ channels
prolong action potential, increase refractory period
113
class 3 arrhythmic EX
amiodarone
114
class 4 arrhythmic MA
CCBs
slow conduction in SA / AV nodes, decrease force of contraction
115
SGLT2 inhibitors EX
dapagliflozin (-liflozin)
116
SGLT2 inhibitors IN
lowers blood glucose
can lower BP (osmotic diuresis)
