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Year 4 Gen Med > Cardio ECG > Flashcards

Cardio ECG Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

what does the p wave represent

A

atrial depolarisation

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2
Q

how long is the p wave (seconds and squares)

A

0.08-0.1s 2 small squares

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3
Q

how long is the qrs wave (seconds and squares)

A

<0.12s <3 small squares

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4
Q

how long is the pr interval (seconds and squares)

A

0.12-0.2s 3-5 small squares

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5
Q

what does the qrs wave represent

A

ventricular depolarisation

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6
Q

what does the t wave represent

A

ventricular repolarisation

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7
Q

what does the pr interval represent

A

av nodal delay

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8
Q

st

A

systole

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9
Q

tp

A

diastole

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10
Q

1 small box =

A

0.04s

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11
Q

1 large box =

A

0.2s

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12
Q

if heart rate regular

A

300/ no large squares between r-r

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13
Q

if heart rate irregular

A

Count the number of QRS complexes in 30 large squares, and then multiply by ten.

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14
Q

normal axis deviation shown on ecg

A

lead 1 and avf are upright

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15
Q

right axis deviation axis deviation shown on ecg

A

lead 1 down avf up

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16
Q

left axis deviation shown on ecg

A

axis deviation shown on ecg

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17
Q

what criteria diagnoses st elevation

A

• Greater than or equal to 1mm ST Elevation in 2 adjacent limb leads • Greater than or equal to 2mm ST Elevation in at least 2 contiguous precordial leads • New onset bundle branch block

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18
Q

how do you analyse an ecg in an osce

A
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19
Q

what are the 3 leads of an ecg

A

lead 1 = right arm left arm

lead 2 - right arm left leg

lead 3 - left arm left leg

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20
Q

inferior mi effects which arteries

A

left or right ca

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21
Q

anterior mi effects which arteries

A

LAD

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22
Q

what ecg changes could happen on the first day of a stemi

A

ST Elevation – first few hours

T wave inversion – first day

Q waves – first day

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23
Q

how would you calculate a regular heart rate on a patient with tachycardia?

A

1500/ small squares between two r waves

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24
Q

what are the 3 most common tracing problems

A

ac interference

muscle tremor

baseline wandering

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25
what are the 6 key rhythm questions
26
if a signal travels toward a lead it will be
+ve
27
if a signal travels away from a lead it will be
-ve
28
5 large boxes =
1s
29
how to calculate the corrected qt interval?
qt/square root of rr
30
the p wave is normally inverted in lead
avr
31
r wave amplitude should ........... from v1-6
increase
32
what is the general rule of t waves
should not be more than half the size of the qrs
33
what does prwp stand for?
poor r wave progression
34
how do you calculate corrected qt?
QT (in milliseconds)/ square root of R-R (IN SECONDS)
35
WHAT IS THE NORMAL QT?
400ms (0.4s)
36
in axis deviation, if both lead one and avl are down then the axis would be
indeterminate
37
which wave grows across chest leads v1-6? what is this called?
r wave = r wave progression
38
which leads are good at helping you determine rhythm and by looking at the p waves?
lead 2 or V1
39
when you are describing rhythm what would you say?
not regular or irregular -- you would say sinus rhythm/ sinus tachycardia/ atrial flutter etc
40
how do you treat heart block
pacemaker
41
which one could get you in legal shit if you miss on an ecg
heart block
42
which types of heart block may be normla
1st degree and mobitz type 1
43
what are escape beats
come late because you didnt get a normal beat (back up rhythm)
44
what are ectopic beats
beats that arrive early
45
what is the definition of sinus rhythm
each p wave precedes a qrs and each qrs follows a p wave
46
at what rate do the atria usually beat in atrial flutter? what does this mean for the ventricular beat?
usually atria go at 300bpm ventricles usually beat at a derivative of this (so 100 75 150 etc)
47
how can you slow the heart rate down in svt in order to see the rhythm properly?
vagal maneuvres adenosine
48
what is a delta wave?
slurred upstroke on the r wave seen in WPW
49
How do you determine if there is BBB and if so which type?
step 1 - is the qrs broad? qrs \>120ms (cannot be narrow needs to be broad) step 2 - is it right bbb? (RSR pattern in V1 up down up / or M pattern) step 3 - if answer to above qs is no - -- left bbb
50
if you have a lbbb or rbbb with a tachycardia
broad complex tachycardia (vtach or a narrow complex tachy with aberancy)
51
what does monomorphic mean
all look the same in teh tachy
52
what does polymorphic mean?
v tachy all looking different ie torsades de pointes
53
if you have an irregualr broad complex tachy you need to check that its not
AF with aberancy
54
what does abberancy mean?
problem in heart conducting system - change in length of beat with no change in refractory period
55
t wave inversion in what lead is normal
lead 3
56
treat tachy
1. vagal manoevre 2. adenosine 3. cardiovert
57
treat vtach
amiodarone cardiovert
58
dont give adenosine in ....... - you should give .......
WPW/ AF shock q
59
st depression
ischaemia
60
what is seen in cocaine
st depression
61
ectopic beats can cause
vtachy
62
a normal ecg does not exclude
coronary artery disease
63
inferior - artery
rca
64
anterior - artery
LAD
65
lateral - artery
circumflex
66
signs of a posteiror infarction
t wave inversion v1-3 normal v4-6
67
treat MI
mona + t IV unfractionated heparin 5000 units cath lab (if far from hospital then thrombolysis)
68
what is hypertrophy
increase in mass not volume
69
most common cause of hypertrophy
hypertension
70
how to diagnose hypertrophy
-ve sv2 + +ve RV5 \>7 boxes
71
ST depression and hypertension
may not be ischaemia may be LVH with strain
72
if qrs is broad think
bbb
73
st elevation with pr depression
pericarditis
74
treat pericarditis
nsaids but check troponin just in case
75

Year 4 Gen Med (26 decks)

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