Renal Pass Test

Question 1

Sometimes after relief of a urinary tract obstruction there may be a period of

Answer 1

Salt losing nephropathy (hyponatraemia with high urinary na loss)

Question 2

When does pseudo hyponatraemia occur

Answer 2

With high levels of protein as in multiple myeloma or hypertrygliceridaemia

Question 3

What is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 3

Clear cell

Question 4

What is the main sign of renal artery stenosis

Answer 4

Un controlled hypertension

Question 5

For CKD to be diagnosed, the elevated GFR must be present for x months or more

Answer 5

3

Question 6

First line for hypertension in CKD

Answer 6

ACEI

Question 7

Why should potassium sparing diuretics be avoided in renal failure

Answer 7

Risk of hyperkalaemia

Question 8

Although ACEI or arbs can be used in CKD for hypertension why can they not be used together

Answer 8

When used together they have a risk of hyperkalaemia and hypotension

Question 9

Declining renal function with current URTI

Answer 9

IGA nephropathy

Question 10

2-4 weeks after URTI

Answer 10

Post strep glomerulonephritis

Question 11

Kidney disease hearing loss and eye abn

Answer 11

Alport syndrome

Question 12

Which abx in pyelonephritis s

Answer 12

Gent and cefuroxime

Question 13

What would a micturating cystogram rule out in recurrent pyelonephritis

Answer 13

Vesicoureteric reflux

Question 14

Most people with PKD have what chromosome abn

Answer 14

PKD1 on chromosome 16

Question 15

What is commonly seen in basculopaths after an intervention or manipulation such as an angiography which causes renal failure

Answer 15

Cholesterol embolism

Question 16

Sudden onset flank pain 
Fever 
Haematuria 
Nausea 
Hypertension

Answer 16

Renal artery embolism

Question 17

What are the four common features of Franconis syndrome

Answer 17

Polyuria
Hypophosphataemia
Acidosis
Hypokalaemia

Question 18

PKD with back pain and fever what is it how do you treat and what organisms causes it

Answer 18

Infection of cyst
Gram neg
Fluroquinolones cotrimoxazole or chloramphenicol

Question 19

What is the most likely cause of a subarachnoid in a patient with PKD

Answer 19

Rupture of a berry aneurysm

Question 20

What is Cushings triad of raised intracranial pressure

Answer 20

Hypertension bradycardia and irregular breathing

Question 21

Fundoscopy findings of hypertensive retinopathy include

Answer 21

Arteriolar constriction 
Arteriovenous nipping 
Flame haemorrhages cotton 
Cotton wool spots 
Hard exudates 
Pappiloedema

Question 22

Why can PKD cause polycythemai

Answer 22

Increased production of epo

Question 23

How do you treat a high phosphate

Answer 23

Calcium acetate

Question 24

On lithium long term and develops polyuria and polydipsia

How do you treat

Answer 24

Lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Reversible so treat with indomethicin

Question 25

What makes hypertension malignant | How do you treat

Answer 25

Extremely raised bp with rentjnal haemorrhages or papilloedema Sodium nitroprusside

Question 26

What causes renal failure in myeloma

Answer 26

Light chain deposition leads to tubular toxicity

Question 27

What is the triad of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 27

Hypoalbuminaemia <30 Proteinuria >3-5 g/24 hours Peripheral oedema

Question 28

IGA nephropathy is also called

Answer 28

Bergers disease

Question 29

What are the 4 main indications for dialysis

Answer 29

Uraemic symptoms Fluid overload Refractory hyperkalaemia Acidosis

Question 30

Treat PBC with

Answer 30

Urseodeoxycholic acid

Question 31

Why does chronic renal failure cause hypocalcaemia

Answer 31

Reduced vitamin d hydroxylation

Question 32

Give 4 complications of haemodyalysis treated end stage renal failure

Answer 32

Amyloidosis Secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism Dyslipidaemia Hyperhomocysteinaemia

Question 33

Dilation of what can lead to nutcracker syndrome

Answer 33

Superior mesenteric artery dilation

Question 34

Causes of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 34

``` Drugs Infection s like strep or malaria Vasculitis Diabetes Amyloidosis Allergic reactions ```

Question 35

Complications of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 35

Renal failure Renal vein thrombosis Sepsis

Question 36

What genetic condition poses a risk for renal cell carcinoma

Answer 36

VHL

Question 37

Renal papillary necrosis is classically associated with

Answer 37

Sickle cell anaemia

Question 38

Stage 1 CKD

Answer 38

>90 gfr but evidence of damage

Question 39

Stage 2 CKD

Answer 39

Mild impairments 60-89

Question 40

Stage 3 CKD

Answer 40

30-59 moderate imp

Question 41

Stage 4 CKD

Answer 41

15-29 sever impairemwnt

Question 42

Stage 5 CKD

Answer 42

Established renal failure gfr <15

Question 43

Anti GBM is also known as

Answer 43

Good pastures syndrome

Question 44

Alports syndrome causes a defect in what type of collagen

Answer 44

Type 4

Question 45

Renal biopsy or trauma is a risk factor for subsequent development of

Answer 45

Renal AV fistula

Question 46

What is the usual pathological process for renal artery stenosis in young people

Answer 46

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 47

Acute rejection occurs when

Answer 47

Within 6 mths I’d transplant

Question 48

Hyper acute rejection occurs when

Answer 48

Within mins of transplant

Question 49

What type of drug is Indapamide

Answer 49

Thiazide like diuretic

Question 50

How do you calculate an anion gap

Answer 50

(Na+K) - (chloride+ bicarbonate)

Question 51

Lost the three types of renal tubular acidosis with a cause for each

Answer 51

Type 1 - sickle cell disease Type 2 - heavy metal toxicity Type 3 - Addison’s disease