Cardio Labs

Question 1

Elevations indicate Myocardial Injury or Infarction

Answer 1

Cardiac Troponins

serum marker

Question 2

a regulatory Protein found in Striated Muscle (skeletal & myocardial); Increased amounts release into bloodstream when infarction causes damage to Myocardium

Answer 2

Cardiac Troponins

serum marker

Question 3

<0.20 ng/mL

Answer 3

Cardiac Troponins T

serum marker

Question 4

<0.03 ng/mL

Answer 4

Cardiac Troponins I

serum marker

Question 5

Elevation indicates MI

Answer 5

Myoglobin

serum marker

Question 6

<90 mcg/L

Answer 6

Myoglobin

serum marker

Question 7

an Oxygen-binding Protein that is found Striated (Cardiac & Skeletal) muscle, Releases Oxygen at very Low Tensions; Released into bloodstream with Any injury to muscle.

Answer 7

Myoglobin

serum marker

Question 8

Elevations indicate possible Brain, Myocardial, & Skeletal muscle Necrosis or Injury.

Answer 8

(CK)
Creatine Kinase

(serum Cardiac enzyme)

Question 9

Females 30-135 units/L

Males 55-170 units/L

Answer 9

(CK)
Creatine Kinase

(serum Cardiac enzyme)

Question 10

Values higher after exercise

Answer 10

(CK)
Creatine Kinase

(serum Cardiac enzyme)

Question 11

0% total

Answer 11

CK-MB (CK2)

serum Cardiac enzyme

Question 12

Elevations occur w/ Myocardial Injury or After Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty & Intracoronary Streptokinase Infusion

Answer 12

CK-MB (CK2)

serum Cardiac enzyme

Question 13

Enzyme found in muscle & brain tissue that reflects tissue catabolism resulting from cell Trauma.

Answer 13

CK

serum Cardiac enzyme

Question 14

performed to detect myocardial or skeletal muscle damage or central nervous system damage

Answer 14

CK

serum Cardiac enzyme

Question 15

1. CK-MB
2. CK-MM
3. CK-BB

Answer 15

1. CARDIAC muscle
2. BRAIN tissue
3. MUSCLES (skeletal)

Question 16

400-1000 mg/dL

Answer 16

total lipids

Elevation indicates increased risk for Coronary Artery Disease

Question 17

122-200 mg/dL

Answer 17

Cholesterol

144-280 mg/dL (Older adult)

(serum lipid)

Question 18

Elevation indicates increased risk for CAD

Answer 18

Cholesterol

serum lipid

Question 19

35-160 mg/dL

Answer 19

Trigylcerides

(serum lipid

Question 20

Female: 35-135 mg/dL
Male: 40-60 mg/dL
Elderly: 55-260 mg/dL

Answer 20

Trigylcerides

(serum lipid

Question 21

Elevation indicates increased risk for CAD

Answer 21

Trigylcerides

(serum lipid

Question 22

Females >55 mg/dL
Males >45 mg/dL

(elderly: range increase w/ age)

Answer 22

HDL
High Density Lipoprotein

(serum lipid)

Question 23

Elevations Protect Against CAD

Answer 23

HDL
High Density Lipoprotein

(serum lipid)

Question 24

60-180 mg/dL

>65 yr: 92-221 mg/dL

Answer 24

LDL
Low Density Lipoprotein

(serum lipid)

Question 25

Elevation indicates increased risk for CAD

Answer 25

LDL Low Density Lipoprotein (serum lipid)

Question 26

< 1.0 mg/dL

Answer 26

CPR C-Reactive Protein (serum lipid)

Question 27

Elevation may Indicate Tissue Infarction or Damage

Answer 27

CPR C-Reactive Protein (serum lipid)

Question 28

HDL LDL TRIGLYCERIDES

Answer 28

LIPID ASSESSMENT >60 <150

Question 29

Synthesized in the liver from Fatty Acids, Protein, Glucose, & are obtained from Diet.

Answer 29

Triclycerides

Question 30

risk for CAD

Answer 30

>LDL | >Triglycerides

Question 31

helps protect against CAD

Answer 31

HDL

Question 32

are used to identify clients w/ HF

Answer 32

``` Natriuretic Peptides (Neuroendocrine Peptides) ```

Question 33

synthesized in Cardiac Atrial Muscle

Answer 33

ANP | Atrial Natriuretic Peptides

Question 34

synthesized primarily in Cardiac Ventricle muscle

Answer 34

BNP | Brain Natriuretic Peptides

Question 35

synthesized by Endothelial cells

Answer 35

CNP | C-type Natriuretic Peptides

Question 36

Primary Marker for identifying HF as the cause of Dyspnea

Answer 36

BNP

Question 37

The higher the BNP level, the more severe the

Answer 37

HF. | If the BNP level is elevated, Dyspnea is due to HF; If Normal, Dyspnea is due to Pulmonary Problem

Question 38

Is released in response to ventricular Stretch; serves as a marker for HF

Answer 38

BNP

Question 39

<100 pg/mL

Answer 39

BNP | The Higher the levels, the more severe the HF

Question 40

an elevation indicates Myocardial Damage | 30-170/ 0% of Total

Answer 40

CK-MB | Creatine Kinase, Myocardial Muscle

Question 41

Increases Atherosclerotic Plaques & Increases Clots; Values should be < 30 mg/dL

Answer 41

Lp (a) Lipoprotein-a Modified form of LDL

Question 42

Detects an Inflammatory Process such as that associated w/ the development of Atherothrombosis

Answer 42

hsCRP | highly sensitive C-Reactive Protein

Question 43

``` low risk ( 3 mg/dL) For Heart Disease ```

Answer 43

hsCRP | highly sensitive C-Reactive Protein

Question 44

Elevated levels may increase risk of Cardiovascular disease; should be < 14 mmol/dL

Answer 44

Homocysteine

Question 45

small amount of protein in urine has been a marker for Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease

Answer 45

Microalbuminuria

Question 46

Decreases in Rheumatic Heart Disease & Infective Endocarditis

Answer 46

Red Blood Cell Count

Question 47

Increases in conditions characterized by inadequate Tissue Oxygenation 4.2-6.1 mill/uL

Answer 47

Red Blood Cell Count F: 4.2-5.4 M: 4.7-6.1

Question 48

Increases in Infectious & Inflammatory diseases of the Heart & after MI because large numbers are needed to dispose of the Necrotic Tissue resulting from the Infection 5000-10,000 /mm3

Answer 48

White Blood Cell Count

Question 49

Can result from vascular Volume Depletion 37%-52%

Answer 49

Elevated Hematocrit F: 37-47% M: 42-52%

Question 50

can indicate anemia

Answer 50

Decreases in Hemoglobin & Hematocrit levels

Question 51

An increase can occur during & after MI, which places the client at greater risk for thrombophlebitis & extension of Clots in coronary Arteries

Answer 51

Increase in Coagulation factors

Question 52

12-18 g/dL

Answer 52

Hemoglobin F: 12-16 g/dL M: 14-18 g/dL

Question 53

150,000-400,000 /mm3

Answer 53

platelets

Question 54

11-12.5 sec

Answer 54

PT | Prothrombin Time

Question 55

0.8-1.1

Answer 55

INR

Question 56

Increased time indicates possible deficiency of clotting factors V & VII. Decrease time may indicate Vitamin K excess.

Answer 56

PT/ INR Vit K clots (antidote)